BackgroundThe optimal age to begin CPR training is a matter of debate. This study aims to determine if elementary schoolchildren have the capacity to administer CPR efficiently.MethodsThis quasi-experimental study took place in a Quebec City school. Eighty-two children 10 to 12 years old received a 6-hour CPR course based on the American Heart Association (AHA) Guidelines. A comparison group of 20 adults who had taken the same CPR course was recruited. After training, participants’ performance was evaluated using a Skillreporter manikin. The primary outcome was depth of compressions. The secondary outcomes were compression rate, insufflation volume and adherence to the CPR sequence. Children’s performance was primarily evaluated based on the 2005 AHA standards and secondarily compared to the adults’ performance.ResultsSchoolchildren did not reach the lower thresholds for depth (28.1 +/− 5.9 vs 38 mm; one-sided p = 1.0). The volume of the recorded insufflations was sufficient (558.6 +/222.8 vs 500 ml; one-sided p = 0.02), but there were a significant number of unsuccessful insufflation attempts not captured by the Skillreporter. The children reached the minimal threshold for rate (113.9 +/−18.3 vs 90/min; one-sided p < 0.001). They did not perform as well as the adults regarding compression depth (p < 0.001), but were comparable for insufflation volume (p = 0.83) and CPR sequence.ConclusionsIn this study, schoolchildren aged 10–12 years old did not achieve the standards for compression depth, but achieved adequate compression rate and CPR sequence. When attempts were successful at generating airflow in the Skillreporter, insufflation volume was also adequate.

Objectives: The objectives of this study are to determine the prevalence, risk factors, and time to onset of delayed hemothorax and pneumothorax in adults who experienced a minor blunt thoracic trauma. Method: A prospective cohort of 450 consecutive patients was recruited. Eligible patients had to be over 16 years of age, consulted within 72 hours for a trauma, and available for outpatient follow-up at 2, 7, and 14 days posttrauma. The clinical outcome investigated was the presence of delayed pneumothorax or hemothorax on the follow-up chest x-ray. Outcomes: Delayed hemothorax occurred in 11.8% (95% CI 8.8-14.8), and delayed pneumothorax occurred in 0.9% (95% CI 0.2-2.3) of participants. During the 14-day follow-up period, 87.0% of these delayed complications developed in the first week. In the multivariate analysis, the only statistically significant risk factor for delayed complications was the location of fractures on the x-ray of the hemithorax. The adjusted odds ratio was 1.52 (95% CI 0.62-3.73) for the lower ribs (tenth to twelfth rib), 3.11 (95% CI 1.60-6.08) for the midline ribs (sixth to ninth rib), and 5.05 (95% CI 1.80-14.19) for the upper ribs (third to fifth rib) versus patients with no fractures. Conclusion: The presence of at least one rib fracture between the third and ninth rib on the x-ray of the hemithorax is a significant risk factor for delayed hemothorax and pneumothorax. RÉ SUMÉObjectifs: Les objectifs de cette é tude consistent à dé terminer la pré valence, les facteurs de risque, et le dé lai d'apparition de l'hé mothorax et du pneumothorax tardifs chez les adultes ayant subi un traumatisme thoracique mineur fermé . Mé thode: Une cohorte prospective de 450 patients consé cutifs a é té recruté e. Les patients é ligibles devaient ê tre â gé s de plus de 16 ans, avoir consulté en deç à de 72 heures pour un traumatisme et ê tre disponibles pour un suivi ambulatoire à 2, 7, et 14 jours suivant le traumatisme. Le ré sultat clinique recherché é tait la pré sence d'hé mothorax et de pneumothorax tardifs à la radiographie pulmonaire de contrô le. Ré sultats: L'hé mothorax tardif est survenu chez 11,8% (IC 95% 8,(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)8) and le pneumothorax tardif chez 0.9% (IC 95% 0,2-2,3%) des participants. Au cours de la pé riode de suivi de 14 jours, 87,0% de ces complications tardives se sont manifesté es durant la premiè re semaine. En analyse multivarié e, le seul facteur de risque de complications tardives statistiquement significatif é tait la localisation des fractures sur la radiographie de l'hé mithorax. Le rapport de cote ajusté se situe à 1,52 (IC 95% 0,62-3,73) pour les cô tes infé rieures (10-12e cô te), à 3,11 (IC 95% 1,6-6,08) pour les cô tes mé dianes (6-9e cô te), et à 5,05 (IC 95% 1,80-14,19) pour les cô tes supé rieures (troisiè me-cinquiè me cô te) par rapport aux patients sans fracture. Conclusion: La pré sence d'au moins une fracture de cô te entre la troisiè me et la neuviè me cô te à la radiographie de l'hé mithorax est un facteur de risque significatif d'hé ...

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