The hospital may be especially overwhelming to patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and their families. The characteristics and attributes inherently present in patients with ASD provide substantial challenges to nursing care if not recognized, identified and addressed. ASD is a complex disorder and requires preparation, education, and great assessment skills from the nurses for optimal outcomes. Nurses are often the front-line and direct care providers and need to attain the knowledge and skills necessary to understand, interact with and implement excellent care for these individuals. These patients with ASD can present with a range of social and behavioral challenges including difficulty with communication need for structure, and possible aggression and it is difficult to implement care at times. Nowadays the nursing professionals are being increasingly aware of their role in helping to ensure that patients with ASD receive the best possible care. These patients may have difficulty communicating or may find a break in their routine stressful. By understanding ASDrelated challenges and devising ways to make patients as well as their parents or caregivers more comfortable, nurses can make a hospital stay, doctor visit or dental checkup less stressful and more effective. Outcomes improve dramatically when health care professionals obtain the education, expertise, and knowledge necessary to provide such care. In this paper we discuss the common challenges that the nursing staff face while dealing with patients with ASD as well as the difficulties families face. Emphasis will be on the role of nursing professionals in making hospital stay less stressful for individuals with ASD.
Rice is one of the very few crop species endowed with rich genetic diversity which is embodied in the traditional rice landraces or folk varieties. It is one of the most researched crops. Rice genetic resources and human welfare are intricately interlinked. Rice has shaped the history, culture, diet and economy of billions of people of Asia. The diversity data generated in time and space have been valuable to communities, scientists and policy managers to formulate and implement conservation strategies of in situ, on-farm as well as ex situ conservation and management of genetic resources. West Bengal has rich rice genetic wealth. But this genetic wealth is being silently depleted due to the onslaught of the high-yielding varieties (HYVs) and neglect. Descriptor codes were used for the qualitative evaluation of genetic diversity among the 20 rice genotypes collected from different parts of West Bengal, following the Standard Evaluation System (SES) for rice developed by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). There is an urgent need to document, characterize and conserve these varieties.
Indigenous mango (Mangifera indica L.) varieties have unique aroma, taste, flavour, texture and size. The interactions among volatile compounds and with sugars and acids have a role in the distinct mango flavor. Murshidabad district of West Bengal has several indigenous mango varieties that have unique attributes like taste and aroma. The indigenous Champa mango variety of Murshidabad district has a distinct aroma very similar to that of the champaka flower (Michelia champaca L.). The present investigation was to determine if there was any phyto-chemical which could be responsible for the distinct and unique aroma present in the mango variety Champa. Eugenol, a phytogenic bioactive component frequently found in diversified herbal plants was found by GC-MS analysis of the methanolic extract of the fruit pulp of indigenous mango variety, Champa.
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