Pb,La)(Zr,Ti)O 3 (PLZT) is one of the best candidates in terms of high-speed, low-voltage, and low-power consumption optical switching due to its efficient voltage-induced index change. We have established a solid-phase epitaxy to grow low-loss PLZT thin film waveguides. PLZT waveguides with PLZT buffer layers are grown on Nb-doped semiconductive SrTiO 3 substrates for the effective overlap integral of the optical field and the electric field. Efficient switching of light coupled in the waveguides is achieved by applying voltage between the top electrodes and the substrates to induce the excellent electro-optic properties of PLZT waveguides including low-voltage and polarization independent index change. 1xN optical switching devices and subsystems are demonstrated using the PLZT waveguide switch elements showing low-voltage drive and less than 10 ns response characteristics.
This study presents four integrated Fibonacci‐type Global System for Mobile (GSM) ultra‐wideband (UWB) antennas with single, dual, and triple band‐notched characteristics. These antennas have been designed to control potential interference in Wi‐Max and WLAN bands. The antenna operates in the 900 MHz GSM band and also in the 3.2–11.9 GHz extended UWB band. The 900 MHz operating band can be further tuned to get the antenna to operate in a specific GSM band. Triple notches have been created at frequencies within several bands, such as 3.4 GHz Wi‐Max (3.06–3.54 GHz), 4.23 GHz WLAN (3.59–4.86 GHz), and 6.35 GHz (5.93–7.15 GHz) with voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) levels of 7.9, 11.3, and 7, respectively. These notch bands are also tuneable to some extent. The measured gain varies from −1.92 to 10.2 dBi. Measured radiation patterns of the antenna are also presented to validate its performance. The integrated antenna has a radiation efficiency in the range of 78–98% in the UWB and 98% in the GSM band. The fidelity factor in time domain varies between 0.76 and 0.84, depending on the orientation of the antenna. This research confirms that the Fibonacci monopole can be used as a multiband antenna in GSM and UWB bands.
An 8ch, 500GHz-spacing arrayed-waveguide grating is designed and fabricated using PLZT for the first time. The insertion loss of 22.1 dB including 10 dB coupling loss, and the adjacent crosstalk of -23.1 dB are obtained. 16:15 -16:30 0-7803-9556-5/06/$20.00
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