The adsorption characteristics of eight adsorbents, cholestyramine, colestimide, aluminum silicate, sucralfate, aluminum hydroxide, calcium polystyrene sulfonate, carbon sphere and medicinal carbon, on the drugs such as methotrexate, antidepressants, mizoribine and ciprofloxacin hydrochloride were investigated in vitro. Medicinal carbon showed an excellent adsorption of all the tested drugs while the carbon spheres showed a high but slow adsorption characteristic. Cholestyramine and colestimide showed a higher adsorption in methotrexate than the other adsorbents. Aluminum silicate and calcium polystyrene sulfonate showed higher adsorption in four antidepressants, clomipramine hydrochloride, imipramine hydrochloride, mianserin hydrochloride and trazodone hydrochloride. In mizoribine, there were no adsorbents that showed higher adsorption except for the medicinal carbon. In ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, aluminum preparations and calcium polystyrene sulfonate showed higher adsorption characteristics. It is suggested that several adsorbents are potentially useful treatments for drug overdoses, but that these adsorbents have the possibility of decreasing the effects of the co-administered medicines.
Vancomycin and certain fungicides may cause anaphylactoid reactions. We investigated the effects of vancomycin, miconazole and fluconazole on histamine release in rat peritoneal mast cells. Vancomycin and miconazole provoked histamine release in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, fluconazole did not provoke histamine release at concentrations of 3 x 10(-6)-3 x 10(-3) M. Vancomycin is efficacious in the treatment of gram-positive bacterial infections; patients presenting themselves with mixed infections require concomitant therapy with a second antimicrobial agent. We investigated the effect of fosfomycin sodium, cilastatin sodium or fluconazole on vancomycin-induced histamine release. Fosfomycin sodium inhibited vancomycin-induced histamine release but neither cilastatin sodium nor fluconazole inhibited it in the mole ratios of daily doses used in humans. These results suggest that vancomycin and miconazole provoke histamine release in rat mast cells, but that fluconazole probably does not, while fosfomycin sodium may inhibit vancomycin-induced histamine release.
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