We performed X-ray measurements to elucidate the adsorption mode of N719 dye molecules on nanoporous TiO 2 with and without coadsorption of D131 dye. Two techniques, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, were employed to obtain depth profile information about the substrate. In both cases, we found that the isothiocyanate groups of N719 strongly interact with TiO 2 via S atoms when the dye is adsorbed from a single-component solution. In contrast, S-substrate interaction is strongly suppressed when D131 is coadsorbed with N719, indicating that the presence of D131 changes the adsorption mode of N719. On the basis of this finding, we designed a procedure to promote the preferential adsorption of D131, by which we successfully improved the short-circuit current and conversion efficiency.
Previous x-ray diffraction measurements revealed the pressure-induced decomposition of an fcc LaH2.3 into H-rich and H-poor fcc phases around 11 GPa. The present neutron diffraction measurements on LaD2 confirm the formation of NaCl-type LaD as a counterpart of the D-rich LaD2+δ by disproportionation. First-principles enthalpy and lattice dynamic calculations demonstrate that the NaCl-type LaH is stabilized at high pressures and can be recovered at ambient conditions. Finding the NaCl-type LaH will pave the way for investigations on the site-dependent nature of hydrogen-metal interactions.
This polymer fila is a novel light control film which scatters only incident lights from particular angles and transmits incident lights from all other angles. This unique light control function is caused by the microstructure in the polymer film.The optical properties described in this paper support that the principle of an angle dependent light control function can be explained mainly by diffraction due to the microstructure like a stack of various transmission volume phase gratings. The proposed mechanism of forming the unique microstructure during photopolymerization is due to the diffraction of exposure lights by the polymerization-induced microgels.
The removal possibility of sorbed
Cs from
weathered biotite (WB), which is considered a major Cs adsorbent in
the soil of Fukushima, has been investigated by the addition of an
NaCl–CaCl
2
mixed salt powder with a 1:1 ratio of
Na and Ca and subsequent heat treatment under a reduced pressure of
14 Pa. X-ray fluorescence analysis was used to determine the Cs removal
rate at elevated temperatures. The structural changes and new phases
formed were determined using powder X-ray diffraction as well as electron
diffraction and X-ray microanalysis in a transmission electron microscope.
We found that Cs was completely removed from the specimen heated at
700 °C, where WB completely decomposed and augite was formed.
On the basis of this finding, we propose the Cs-free mineralization
method as a new soil-decontamination process in which Cs minerals
are transformed by heating with certain additives into minerals that
cannot incorporate Cs.
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