Original Article IntrOductIOnThyroid nodules are common, varieties of benign and malignant lesions of thyroid present as nodules. At our tertiary care centre, we do not have provision for IHC and other higher investigation. Also, the majorities of patients are from lower socio economic class and can't afford higher investigation in private laboratories. As a result of which our study is based on cytological diagnosis of thyroid lesions according to Bethesda system and it's histopathological correlation. The Bethesda system of thyroid lesion on FNAC reporting, aims at standardization of reports. It bridges the communication gap between clinicians and pathologists and thus helps the surgeons to take appropriate therapeutic interventions [1]. AImTo elucidate the diagnostic utility of the Bethesda system in reporting thyroid FNAs and to assess the effectiveness of FNAC in the evaluation of thyroid nodules by comparing the results with histopathological evaluation. mAterIAls And methOdsThe present study was carried out in our institute during the July 2012 to September 2014 (Prospective study). The study comprised of 100 patients who presented with the history of swelling of thyroid which were referred from the Departments of Surgery, Medicine & ENT. Patients were explained about the procedure and written consent was taken.Inclusion criteria: Patient of both gender, age 10 to 80 years, presenting with thyroid swelling in any lobe of thyroid selected by clinical palpation (multinodular, solitary nodules, diffuse goiter, etc) and patients with recurrent thyroid swellings after a previous thyroid surgery.FNAc was performed in all cases of midline neck swelling by cytopathologist. Proper consent was taken. The patient asked to lie in supine position with their neck stretched up. A 23-24 gauge needle is used to perform the fine needle aspiration. The cytological diagnosis was given according to the Bethesda system. The Keywords: Fine needle aspiration cytology, Predictive value, Sensitivity, Specificity Aim:The aim of this study was to elucidate the diagnostic utility of the Bethesda system in reporting thyroid FNAs and to assess the effectiveness of FNAC in the evaluation of thyroid nodules by comparing the results with histopathological evaluation. materials and methods:The present study was carried out in our institute during the July 2012 to September 2014. In this study, 100 FNACs done which were classified according to the Bethesda system and out of them, 60 histopathological evaluations obtained from this group were evaluated. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were evaluated.results: Out of 100 FNACs, 06% were Non-diagnostic, 78% were Benign, 04% were Atypical follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AFLUS), 04% were suspicious for Follicular neoplasm (SFN), 01% were suspicious for Follicular neoplasm Hurthle cell type, 03% were suspicious for malignancy (SM), and 04% malignant. In 60 cases, data of follow-up histopathologic examination (HPE) were available. The sensitivi...

in pathology department at SRTR Ambejogai. It includes specimens and reference material submitted to department of pathology in the form of biopsy specimens and hysterectomy specimens. Data was obtained from hospital records and specimens sent from various departments. All the lesions of cervix involving ectocervix and endocervix were included. Various lesions arising from the uterus, vulva, vagina and parametrium were excluded. Also the lesions arising from neighbouring organs extending to the cervical canal but not involving the cervical tissue were excluded. Every patient was evaluated by using a preformed proforma.Gross examination was done and features such as size, consistency, external appearance and appearance of cut surface were noted. The specimens were allowed to fix in 10% formalin for 24 -48 hours. The sections were dehydrated in alcohol, cleared in xylol and embedded in paraffin wax to prepare the paraffin blocks. ABSTRACTBackground: Aim of the study was to know various histopathological variants in cervical lesion, its incidence with respect to age in Bhuj city of Gujarat. Materials & Methods:A total of 618 cases of cervical lesions were analysed prospectively in a period of 2 years to assess various pattern of cervical lesion. Cases were studied in detail about history, clinical examination and other findings. Results:Of the total 618 cases, 516 (83.50%) were non neoplastic all of which were inflammatory and 102(16.5%) were neoplastic of which cervical malignancies, benign lesions and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) constituted 80(12.94%), 12(1.94%) and 10(1.62%) respectively. Amongst inflammatory lesions, the commonest lesion was chronic nonspecific cervicitis 428(82.95%) followed by papillary endocervicitis 88(17.05%). The associated changes of chronic nonspecific cervicitis were nabothian cyst (11.92%), squamous metaplasia (11.68%), and koilocytic change (22.43%). Inflammatory lesions were commonly found in the sexually active period of women i.e. 31-50 years with a peak incidence in the age group of 31-40 years. Cervical malignancies were common in the age group of 40-60 years and presented most commonly with bleeding per vagina. CIN was most common in the age group of 41-50 years with CINII as the predominant grade having white discharge as the most common symptom. Conclusion:Non-neoplastic were the commonest lesions of the cervix. Women in the older age group with bleeding per vagina should be suspected for cervical malignancy and should be examined for the same

Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies among women in most developed and developing regions of the world. In India, breast cancer is the second most common cancer (after cervical cancer). Breast cancer at young age has been reported to have a more aggressive behavior and unfavorable prognosis compared to the older patients. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate prognosis through pathological tumour size, histological grade, mitotic index, lymph node status, distant metastasis and oestrogen & progesterone receptor positivity in young patients ≤ 35 years. Material and Methods: This prospective study was carried out for a period of three years from June 2015 to May 2018. Total of 200 cases of breast carcinoma were studied, out of them patients with ≤35 years were considered as case group and above 35 years of age as control group. Results: Total of 200 cases of breast carcinoma was reported in various age groups in histopathology. Total cases in age group ≤35 years were 28 out of total 200 cases. In age group ≤35 years out of 28 cases, 09 cases showed positive family history, 22 cases showed lymph node metastasis, most common stage of breast carcinoma was stage III, most common histological grade was Grade III and 15 cases were negative for markers ER/PR. Conclusion: Breast cancer is uncommon in young women but it co-relates with a less favorable prognosis. Tumors in younger patients had higher co-morbidity and better screening procedures should be used even in females younger than 35 years of age.

Introduction: The CA 19-9 antigen isolated by Koprowski and colleagues in 1979 is a lacto-N-fucopentaose II-like substance and one of the tumour-associated antigens present in serum in the mucin fraction. Close attention has been paid to the role CA 19-9 in the diagnosis of digestive tract tumours. In this study, serum analysis of CA 19-9 levels in 91 patients with gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary and pancreatic carcinoma was done. These data was used to evaluate the clinicians with adequate information on use of CA 19-9 as tumour marker- both diagnostic and prognostic. Aim: To study the role of tumour marker, CA 19-9 as a diagnostic and prognostic tool, and also to monitor the response of gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancer to treatment. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on 91 cases of gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary and pancreatic carcinomas conducted in tertiary care hospital associated with medical college in Jamnagar, Gujarat, India were studied from September 2012 to March 2015 for two years and five months. The sample size was of 91 patients. Statistical method used was sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. The material used was serum of the patient both pre as well as postoperatively and CalBiotech CA 19-9 Elisa Kit was used to determine the Value. The collected data were entered into Microsoft Excel spread sheet. The statistical methods used for variables were Mean and median along with Sensitivity and Specificity. Software used was “Epi Info”, version 7.0. Results: Total 91 cases of gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary and pancreatic carcinomas were studied. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used preoperatively and post operatively to determine the CA 19-9 values in patients of gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary and pancreatic carcinomas. It was found that CA 19-9 is an important tumour marker with sensitivity of 76.31% and specificity of 73.33% for diagnosis of the gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary and pancreatic carcinoma. When aided with Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) and histopathological findings it helps in giving a sure shot diagnosis. It also provides useful prognostic information for the same. Conclusion: This study helps to understand the role of CA 19-9 as diagnostic and prognostic marker for pancreatic, hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal carcinomas.

Introduction: Ca19-9 is currently the single most useful tumor marker for diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatic cancer and cholangiocarcinoma. Aim: The aim is to elucidate the importance of tumor marker ca 19-9 as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in pancreatic carcinoma and cholangio-carcinoma. Material and Methods: The time period of the study was from september-2012 to september-2014. The patients were investigated pre-operatively and post operatively for ca 19-9 levels in their serum with the use of ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbant assay) test. Results: Total 28 cases of pancreatic lesions were considered which included 24 cases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, It was observed that when preoperative serum CA 19-9 level was less than 37 u/ml median survival was 28 months. However when CA 19-9 level was more than 200 u/ml, median survival was 6 months. Out of 18 cases studied in gallbladder tumors, 15 cases were of cholangiocarcinoma. Patients with pre-therapy serum CA 19-9 level was between 37-200 u/ml median survival was 23.25 months. When CA 19-9 level was more than 200 u/ml, median survival was 10.25 months. Conclusion: Elevated level of ca 19-9 in pancreatic carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma are associated with higher age group, male sex, higher histological grade, higher TNM staging and metastasis. Post operative ca 19-9 value has definitive prognostic value to detect any metastasis or recurrence in pancreatic carcinoma and cholangio-carcinoma. Therefore it can be concluded that ca 19-9 is an important tumor marker for pancreatic carcninoma and cholangio-carcinoma.

Introduction:Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) continues to be a major health problem in industrialized and developing countries like India despite progressive research in diagnostic and management over last three decades. AMI has typically been diagnosed on the basis of triad of clinical syndromes of chest pain, electrocardiogram (ECG) changes and elevated serum enzyme activity. Due to high cardiac specificity of ckmb, cTnI, these biomarkers have become the recommended biomarkers for the diagnosis of myocardial injury. Aims: To study changes in serum cardiac markers and determine the sensitivity and specificity of Highly sensitive Troponin I, CK-MB and LDH. Material and Methods: It was undertaken from November-2015 to December-2016 during which 200 patients were studied. All the patients having complaint of acute chest pain admitted in the emergency wards are included. Serum level of cardiac Troponin I was determined by using vidashigh sensitive troponin i (human cardiac specific) enzyme immunoassay kit, CK-MB was determined by the vitros 250 fully automated biochemistry analyser, serum level of LDH was determined by ldh-(p-l) reagent kit (kinatic procedure). Result: In present study, out of 200 patients who admitted for complaining of acute chest pain, 110 patients actually diagnosed to have acute myocardial infarction. Sensitivity and specificity of hs Troponin I for diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction was 100%. CK-MB was 89.1% and 88.8% and LDH was 65.4% and 60% respectively. Conclusion: Among the cardiac markers studied hs Troponin I is the most specific and sensitive for diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. As CK-MB levels become normal within 2-3 days, it is helpful in diagnosis of reinfarction.