The continuation of in-home caregiving among caregivers of patients with dementia was affected by both positive appraisal and caregiver burden. In addition, the present study revealed that behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia score indirectly affects the continuation of caregiving by directly affecting caregiver burden.

Objective: The number of male caregivers has increased, but male caregivers face several problems that reduce their quality of life and psychological condition. This study focused on the coping problems of men who care for people with dementia at home. It aimed to develop a coping scale for male caregivers so that they can continue caring for people with dementia at home and improve their own quality of life. The study also aimed to verify the reliability and validity of the scale.Patients/Material and Methods: The subjects were 759 men who care for people with dementia at home. The Care Problems Coping Scale consists of 21 questions based on elements of questions extracted from a pilot study. Additionally, subjects completed three self-administered questionnaires: the Japanese version of the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale, the Depressive Symptoms and the Self-esteem Emotional Scale, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale.Results: There were 274 valid responses (36.1% response rate). Regarding the answer distribution, each average value of the 21 items ranged from 1.56 to 2.68. The median answer distribution of the 21 items was 39 (SD = 6.6). Five items had a ceiling effect, and two items had a floor effect. The scale stability was about 50%, and Cronbach’s α was 0.49. There were significant correlations between the Care Problems Coping Scale and total scores of the Japanese version of the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale, the Depressive Symptoms and Self-esteem Emotional Scale, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale.Conclusion: The answers provided on the Care Problems Coping Scale questionnaire indicated that male caregivers experience care problems. In terms of validity, there were significant correlations between the external questionnaires and 19 of the 21 items in this scale. This scale can therefore be used to measure problems with coping for male caregivers who care for people with dementia at home.

Purpose: is study was conducted to con rm the e ects of foot care performed by elderly persons by observing changes in the structure and function of their feet, and testing balance and walking performance. Additionally, we examined the validity of foot care for health promotion and disease prevention. Method: Foot-care methods, such as foot baths, keratin removal, foot massages and exercises, were taught to elderly persons living at home. In addition, we compared the three changes in the structure and function of their feet, testing balance and walking performance before and a er these foot care interventions were conducted. Results: e subjects consisted of seven elderly persons living at home. Instrumental Activities of Daily Living IADL and the Falls E cacy Scale FES were unaltered. However, the patients self e cacy was slightly altered. Problems with their feet, including blood circulation and muscle fatigue, improved. Keratinized and callused soles were replaced by normal, healthy skin. e sensation of touch and pressure was sensitive. e surface temperature of the skin and peripheral blood ow signi cantly improved, as well as balance and walking performance. Conclusion: Maintaining balance and walking performance is necessary for elderly individuals to accomplish daily living activities. It was proved that foot care performed by elderly persons, themselves, may contribute to health promotion and disease prevention as well as improve the condition of their feet.

Background: The number of people with dementia and male caregivers has increased in Japan. We developed a coping scale about nursing care problems encountered by male caregivers of people with dementia living at home. This study tests its validity and reliability. Methods: A self-administered written questionnaire was completed by male caregivers recruited from across Japan. Reliability of factors was tested using Cronbach's alpha. Validity was assessed using concurrent validity and criterion-related validity (with three self-administered scales, the Japanese version of the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale, the Depressive Symptoms and Self-Esteem Emotional Scale, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale). Values were compared between groups adopting aggressive or passive methods of coping, using principal component analysis (the major factor method and Promax rotation). Results:The statistical analysis produced a scale of 15 items and five factors. The cumulative contribution ratio was 57.18%. The five factors were labeled "Solve the problem type", "Avoidance and emotional type", "Transformation cognitive type", "Careful supervision and waiting type", and "Assistance request type". The reliability coefficient for the coping scale, measured using Cronbach's alpha, was 0.76, and 0.65 or more for each individual factor. There were significant correlations (P < 0.04) between the new coping scale and total scores on the Japanese version of the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale, Depressive Symptoms and Self-Esteem Emotional Scale, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The comparison between the two groups (aggressive and passive coping methods) showed that they had significantly different levels of depressive symptoms and self-esteem. Conclusion: The Nursing Care Problems Coping Scale for Male Caregivers for People with Dementia Living at Home was found be reliable and valid for measuring whether male caregivers are able to cope with the demands of a person with dementia living at home. Reliability and Validity of the Research ArticleOpen Access IntroductionIn 2012, the Japanese population of older adults with dementia requiring nursing care was 4.62 million people [1]. With a rapidly aging population and greater life expectancy [2], it is estimated that by 2025, 25% of the population over the age of 65 will have dementia [3]. The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare in Japan [4] has stated that the aim of society should be that someone with dementia should be able to continue to live in a good-quality environment to which are they accustomed, and where they are respected.In 2000, public nursing care insurance programs were implemented in Japan. There are, however, widely varying needs and families can provide different levels of care, so the care services provided were insufficient to meet needs [5,6]. Extra care is required for people with dementia because of the associated behavioral and psychological symptoms, which places a burden on caregivers and may damage their psychological health [7].Nuclear families accounted for ...

Purposee aim of this study was to elucidate the thoughts and feelings of presymptomatic FAP family members who underwent the genetic testing for FAP and obtained the positive result of abnormal transthyretin gene, and to utilize the results for better nursing to such subjects in the future.Methods Data from ve presymptomatic family members of FAP patients were collected by using a half structured interview method. e data were analyzed by content analysis.Results and Discussion ey experienced the death of a parent or a relative who had fought against illness since the respondents were children. And they were informed that they were at risk of appearing FAP themselves. ey made up their mind to inspect presymptomatic genetic testing to be responsible to their possible future family. In examination for the genetic test they were found to be positive. ey, of course, felt aggrieved by this, but it rea rmed their desire to live. e brothers were di erent in their thinking for presymptomatic genetic testing. ey felt a debt for the husband and wife, and they felt guilt for the children.Conclusion It was suggested that it was important that I would show various choices in the design in the future as to how they could best live with the disease. It was suggested that it was important that I undertook psychology research on how to build richer social support.

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