Background: Pregnancy is such a critical phase in a woman's life, when mother's nutritional and health status at conception and throughout pregnancy plays a key role in determining her health and well-being, as well as that of her child. Therefore, the objective of the study was to investigate the effect of Behavior Change and Communication (BCC) through women development Army on optimal nutrition and health practices of pregnant women.Methods: A cluster randomized controlled community trial (CRCCT) with baseline and end line measurements using quantitative data collection methods was conducted in Ambo district among 750 pregnant women aged 18-49 years (375 of control and 375 of intervention groups). Of which endpoint data were collected from 372 and 372 pregnant women in the intervention and control clusters, respectively. Pretested semi structured questionnaire was used to collect data. The intervention was started in July, 2018 and data collection for end line was started in October, 2018.Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, bivariate and lastly multivariate binary logistic regressions analysis was used to control confounders. Statistical analyses were conducted primarily on intention-to-treat (ITT) basis and p value <0.05 was used to declare statistical significance.Result: The overall optimal nutrition and health practice among intervention group were 62.6%, while among control group were 39.0% (p<0.0001).Being in the intervention group, educational status, estimated time to reach health institution, knowledge about nutrition and health were found significantly associated with optimal nutrition and health practices in multivariable binary logistic regression analysis (p<0.05).Conclusions: Behavior change communication (BCC) through women development army is effective in improving optimal nutrition and health practices of pregnant women. Therefore, to improve optimal nutrition and health practices of pregnant women, BCC through health development Army is recommended.Trial registration: Pan African Clinical Trial Registry: unique identification number for the registry is (PACTR201805003366358).

Introduction: Adolescent's sexuality and Reproductive Health are generally not well addressed to protect them from unwanted pregnancies, complications of unsafe abortions and sexual transmitted infection including human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS. Although the numbers of young people who need information and services are enormous, services are scarce, fragmented and nonexistent. Objective: To assess the level of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice towards reproductive health among students of Ambo university. Methods: Institutional based descriptive cross-sectional study design supplemented by qualitative in-depth interview was conducted among Ambo University students, Ambo, western Ethiopia from December to January 2013/14. Multistage sampling technique was implemented and sample size taken was 605. Data were collected using structured and pretested questionnaires and entered into EPI Info 3.5.1 then exported to SPSS Version 16 for analysis. Result: Respondent were mentioned different methods to prevent reproductive health problem, and from these 111(18.5%) mentioned condom, 44 (7.9%) Abstain as the method of choice while 322(53.7%) mentioned that they didn't know prevention methods. From the total students participated in the study 487(81.2%) have shown interest to use reproductive health service in the future and 350(84.7%) of the respondents wanted the establishment of reproductive health services within the university campus. 108(42%) of the respondents were started sex before the age of 18 years and only 6(2.4%) of the students were start sex after 24 years. 179(73.5%) of the students were not using contraceptive during the survey period Conclusion: the study showed that most the respondent didn't know reproductive health components, problems and as well didn't mention prevention methods. A great number of students were not used reproductive health services during the survey period; but there will be high demand to utilize reproductive health services. Recommendation: Since there was high demand on reproductive health services; Policy Makers(Program planners) should establish friendly reproductive health services within the university to increase coverage and prevent the students from reproductive health related problems and complications.

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Background. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted disease and the major cause of cervical cancer, which threatened the lives of several women and remains a critical concern in Africa and around the world. Ethiopia initiates the human papillomavirus vaccines on 3rd December 2018 for the primary time to vaccinate six million girls. Objective. This study assessed knowledge and attitudes toward the human papillomavirus vaccine among parents of daughters aged between 9 and 14 years in the Central Ethiopia Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 619 parents whose daughters were aged between 9 and 14 years old from February 01 to February 30, 2021. A multistage sampling method was employed to select study participants. Data were collected using an interview administered questionnaire adapted from related literature. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were done by using SPSS v. 20.0. Results. A total of 619 parents participated in the current study of whom, only 242 (39.1%) and 249 (40.2%) of the respondents were knowledgeable and had a favorable attitude toward the HPV, respectively. Age (AOR 1.98, 95% CI: 1.07, 3.69), place of residence (AOR 3.6, 95% CI: 1.45, 8.92), and wealth status (AOR 1.89, 95% CI: 1.09, 3.26) was independently associated with the knowledge of parents toward the HPV. Conclusion. Policymakers and other stockholders require more effort to provide a resource to enhance knowledge and attitudes toward the HPV through the mass media and other health education outlets.

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