Male infertility is commonly associated with sperm abnormalities including asthenozoospermia. The molecular basis of asthenozoospermia was linked to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations. The 4,977‐bp human mtDNA deletion is one of the most common mutations of spermatozoa and results in loss of about 33% of the mitochondrial genome. In this preliminary study, we aimed to investigate the presence of 4,977‐bp mtDNA deletion in asthenozoospermic infertile men in Jordan. Semen specimens of 120 asthenozoospermic infertile men and 80 normozoospermic individuals were collected at the in vitro fertilization unit. MtDNA was extracted after the enrichment of spermatozoa; then, polymerase chain reaction was performed using 4,977‐bp mtDNA deletion‐specific primers. The deletion of 4,977‐bp mtDNA was detected in 79.2% of asthenozoospermic patients compared to 10% in normozoospermic controls. The results showed a significant association between the presence of 4,977‐bp mtDNA deletion and the asthenozoospermia and infertility (OR = 34.2000, 95% CI = 14.57–80.26, p‐value < .001). In conclusion, our findings underscored a strong association between 4,977‐bp mtDNA deletion and asthenozoospermia in the Jordanian population.

CAG trinucleotide repeats are coded for the polyglutamine tract in the N-terminal of the androgen receptor (AR) gene which varies in normal individuals from 6 to 36 residues. In this study, we inspected the impact of the CAG repeats on the spermatogenic defects by measuring the size of AR-CAG repeats length in a cohort of 260infertile and 169 fertile Jordanian men. The infertile group included three subgroups of a zoospermic, oligozoospermic and teratozoospermia men. The CAG allele size was determined by direct sequencing. The results showed a significant association between the length of the AR-CAG repeats and men's infertility (p = .001). In particular, the current cohort demonstrated a significant association between the AR-CAG length polymorphism and oligozoospermia (p < .001) and teratozoospermia (p < .001) but not azoospermia. According to distributions of allele frequency, the risk of oligozoospermia was 5.5-fold greater than normal when alleles frequency > 20 repeats, while the risk of teratozoospermia was > 10.6 folds greater than normal when allele frequency > 22 repeats. In conclusion, our results underscored that the long repeats of the AR-CAG polymorphism within the normal range might be associated with abnormal spermatogenesis such as teratozoospermia and oligozoospermia and contributing to infertility in Jordanian men.

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Inversion of the uterus is a rare gynecological condition. The majority of reported cases were encountered in the immediate postpartum period. A non-puerperal inversion occurs when the uterus acts to expel a submucous lesion attached to the fundus, such as uterine fibroid, endometrial carcinoma, sarcoma or polyp. We report a case of spontaneous postmenopausal uterine inversion without underlying pathology. The diagnosis of non-puerperal uterine inversion is often difficult and requires a high index of suspicion