Workers of iron and steel factories are exposed to a wide range of pollutants depending on the particular process, the materials involved, the effectiveness of monitoring and the control measures. Adverse effects are determined by the physical state and propensities of the pollutant involved, the intensity and duration of the exposure, the extent of pollutant accumulation in the body and the sensitivity of the individual to its effects. The main aim of this study is to assess the levels of the indoor respirable particulate matter (RPM) and to compare the health condition of exposed workers, with nonexposed employees group. Line 630 has only one furnace of 40 tons and line 650 has two furnaces of 20 and 40 tons capacity due to which the mean of the RPM concentrations in the breathing zone was significantly different (P < 0.05) in line 650 but not in line 630 as compared with National Institute for Occupational Safety and Hygiene's (3 mg/m3). The average of the RPM concentrations in production line 650 is higher than that of production line 630, with the 95% confidence interval in saw cabin station number 1 of production line 650.
Background: The prevalence of coronavirus has become one of the most important challenges and concerns, and awareness of the mental health status of people in the workplace has become an important issue. Bank staff, like other workers, maybe under severe physical and psychological stress. Objectives: The study aimed to investigate the degree of anxiety among bank staff during the COVID-19 pandemic Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted among the bank staff by participating 199 employees. The corona disease anxiety scale (CDAS) questionnaire was used to gather data. For analyzing data, the t-test and chi-square test was applied. Results: 160 males (80.4%) and 39 females (19.6%) participated in the study. 55.6% of the participants reported that when they think about COVID-19, it leads to anxiety, and 38.3% said that they feel sad when they think about the danger of corona often. The results showed that an underlying disease increases the chance of being infected with COVID-19 (OR = 3.786, 95% CI: 1.227 - 8.708 and P = 0.018). Also, the results revealed a significant relationship between increasing physical symptoms and psychological symptoms in participants and the probability of being infected with COVID-19. Conclusions: The results showed that stress and anxiety among bank employees increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, making the necessary arrangements to reduce stress and anxiety among employees through proper politicization and more managers' attention to this phenomenon in this period is essential.
Article Info Background: The present study was carried out with the aim of extracting trace amounts of zinc in urine samples with ultrasound-assisted emulsification solidified floating organic drop micro-extraction (USAE-SFODME) method by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The efficiency was investigated using the solvent extraction volume, extraction pH, time sonication and temperature extraction. The present study was conducted aiming to respond on the efficiency of SFODME technique in extracting inorganic analytes in biological samples. Materials and Methods: This was an experimental research with several steps. After preparation standard solution of zinc, USAE-SFODME technique was used for extracting zinc cation from urine samples. This method involves centrifuge, buffer and ligand adding, sonication, extraction of analyte and finally analysis with FAAS. Excel 2010 software was used in this study in order to plot the graphs. Results: Extraction of zinc was performed under optimized conditions of 2 ml 1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN), 90 µl 1-dodecanol, pH = 5.5, for 20 minutes at 35 ˚C. Recovery, the regression coefficient, and relative standard deviation (RSD) were obtained as 96.6% and 99.0%, respectively. RSD for tree concentration 0.8 µgml-1 Zn cation (Zn 2+) was 3.4%. The limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 0.426 µgml-1. Conclusions: Using green solvents, downsizing the samples, replacement of toxic reagents use, and lack of needing the preparation of the samples are the most important advantages of this technique. USAE-SFODME has a successful development in determining trace amounts of zinc in urine samples which can be performed in chemical laboratories with rather ordinary equipment.
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