Objectives: All subjects suspected of Central Auditory Processing Disorder (CAPD) were previously tested by free recall dichotic digits test (DDT). The study objective was normalization and reliability evaluation of two-pair DDT in 750 native Persian subjects aged 8 to 12 years.
Materials:A total of 750 subjects were divided into five age groups varying between 8 years and 12 years and 11 months old. Each age group had 150 subjects. DDT was tested in free recall condition. For evaluating DDT test-retest reliability, 300 participants (60 subjects in each age group) were tested again after one month.Results: Right and left ear mean score increased from 71.68(±2.19) and 58.51(±1.71) in the 8-year-old group to 90.26(±1.96) and 88.38(±1.36) in 12-year-old group, respectively. The mean Right Ear Advantage (REA) decreased from 13.16(±2.58) in the 8-year-old group to 1.88(±2.49) in the 12-year-old group. A high stability was observed between test-retest results (P<0.0001).Discussion: Persian version of two-pair dichotic digits exhibited proper reliability for evaluating 8 to 12-year-old subjects, and the study results can be used for evaluating the dichotic hearing function in subjects of the same age group.
Background and Aim: Tinnitus is a perception of sound in ears or head in the absence of any external stimuli. Despite its high prevalence in various age groups, tinnitus has still no effective treatment because its physiological and pathological mechanisms have remained unknown. Since the study of cellular-molecular mechanisms of tinnitus production and stability in human is not feasible, animal models have been used to shed some light on tinnitus induction and propagation mechanisms. This study reviewed some of these research studies. The present review article is based on articles published during 1967–2018 in which keywords such as “salicylate,” “noise,” “tinnitus in the animal model,” and “tinnitus mechanism” were used. These articles were searched in databases such as Science Direct, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus.
Recent Findings: Despite differences in the mechanisms of tinnitus induction, the structural changes initiated from the cochlea and continued to cortex reflect the extent of the affected regions in the creation, development, and preservation of tinnitus.
Conclusion: Animal models (exposed to noise or ototoxic drugs such as salicylate) are ideal tools for studying tinnitus and understanding the details of its propagation and unknown mechanisms.
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