The aim of this study was optimization of culture medium in direction of increasing the production rate of desferrioxamine B. Streptomycetes are the most widely studied and well known genus of the actinomycete family. Streptomycetes usually inhabit soil and are important decomposers. The genus Streptomyces are Gram-positive and GC rich bacteria that are important for production of many antibiotics and secondary metabolites. These metabolites are important in industrial and medical fields. Deferoxamines (also known as desferrioxamine B, desferoxamine B, DFO-B, DFOA, DFB or desferal) are low-molecular-weight, iron-chelating compounds (siderophores) produced and secreted by many actinomycetes, including species of Streptomyces, Nocardia and Micromonospora. Streptomyces pilosus synthesizes the siderofore desferrioxamine B. Desferrioxamine B is used clinically to treat disorders related to iron overload and pathological iron deposition in human. Our results revealed that the use of soybean as a base medium plus additives such as Na2HPO4.12H2O, NaH2PO4, MgSO4.7H2O, ZnSO4.7H2O, FeSO4.7H2O, CaCl2.2H2O, NaCl, MnSO4, NH4Cl, KH2PO4, K2HPO4, some of the amino acids and vitamins increased the production of desferrioxamine B about 8 times in comparison with the control.
In this experiment the effects of different urea products (urea, Paraffin-sulfur Coated Urea (PSCU) and controlled release urea product (Optigen, Alltech Inc., Lexington, KY)) on rumen fermentation were investigated in dependence of different diet sources by using in vitro techniques. The experiment followed a completely randomized design using four N-source treatmentes (urea, Paraffin-sulfur Coated Urea, Optigen and canola meal) in four diets (wheat straw+ %3 isonitrogenous of each N-source, barley grain+ %3 isonitrogenous of each N-source, barley grain+ molasses+ %3 isonitrogenous of each N-source and formulated TMR diets for dairy cow+ %3 isonitrogenous), the cumulative gas production (96 hours) influenced by diets and N-source treatments was different, which was higher gas production in formulated TMR diets for dairy cow and least gas production in wheat straw. The result indicated that Optigen (90.82) and then PSCU (90.81) the highest gas producer in the formulated TMR diets for dairy cow and the canola meal (69.04) and urea (69.43) had the least gas production in wheat straw (P<005). As a result, little difference between treatments for slow-release urea with control (canola) was observed in animal experiments. And therefore reducing feed costs and increasing the efficiency of the rumen microorganisms can be used NPN sources as a replacement for part of dietary protein.
In this experiment, essential amino acid (Methionine) and two chemical compound, were used to make ligands that produce pH-sensitive amino acids that are stable in the rumen and absorbable in the post rumen part of the digestive tract. The treatments were made with heat and steer, reflux and ultrasound reaction at different times, temperatures and solvents to make new bonds and pH-sensitive amino acid ligands. During the first 8 hours of incubation (rumen phase) 55.42% of RPMet1 was released, during the 2 hours (abomasum phase) 91.00% of the compound had been released and during the final hours up to 35h (intestine phase) 93.21% had been released and 6.79% of this product was stable. About the RPMet2 figure shown that in first 8 hours of incubation (rumen phase) 49.25% of RPMet1 was released, in next 2 hours (abomasum phase) 87.93% of the compound was released and in the final hours up to 35h (intestine phase) 94.05% was released and 5.95% of this product was stable. Result shows that this chemical method increased retention time in rumen and the bond is reversible in lower pHs, similar to the abomasum.
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