The rate of leptospirosis incidence in Boyolali regency, Indonesia, during 2017 was high and showing an increasing trend. According to Boyolali District Health Office the number of leptospirosis cases in 2017 was 34 cases. Factors related to leptospirosis in the agriculture area should be understood well to take the right measurements for leptospirosis control in a typical agricultural area. Several risk factors, such as personal hygiene, environmental sanitation, wound presence, occupation, are the factors of leptospirosis infection. This study aimed to determine the risk factors associated with the leptospirosis incidence in Boyolali regency, Indonesia. This research used an observational method with a case-control design. The total number of case sample was 33 people, and the control sample were 99 people (ratio 1:3) with matched by a living area. Data collection were carried out with interviews using a questionnaire to respondents related to personal hygiene, environmental sanitation, wound presence and work as a farmer. The data were tested using logistic regression. Most of the case respondents work as a farmer and worker. The results showed that the risk factors associated with leptospirosis incidence were a wound presence (OR:17.014;95% CI:5.487-52.761) and worked as a farmer (OR:5,186; 95%CI:1.682-15.989). Unrelated variables were bad personal hygiene (95%CI:0.647-7.885) and environmental sanitation (95%CI:0.793-8.773). The dominant risk factor that causes Leptospirosis was wound presences and occupation as a farmer. Therefore people who work mostly touch the water like farmers must cover any wound on feet and keep personal and environmental sanitation to prevent infection.
American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) is a tropical species that can be found in Indonesia and elsewhere. It is of public health importance as it is a vector of some human pathogens. Soap, including bar soap can be used as pesticide for cockroaches. It contains surfactant as an active ingredient. However, the effectiveness of low-cost and commercially available bar soap in controlling these cockroaches has received little attention and is not fully understood. This paper reports the effect of bar soap solution exposure on the American cockroach and determination of the LC 50 of solution. The research used True-Experimental design with a Post-Only Control Group. Cockroaches were randomly selected from the rearing cage and the post-test measured cockroach mortality after exposures. The soap solutions were prepared in 4 concentrations (10%, 20%, 30% and 40%), then sprayed directly onto 15 cockroaches with 5 replications. The cockroach condition was observed at 24 hr after treatment and the number of cockroach deaths were counted. Normality data were tested using the Shapiro-Wilk test (P=0.05) and analysed using Friedman's test to determine the difference of variance of concentration. Abbott's test was used to specify the effectiveness of soap solution and the LOGIT test was used to determine LC 50. The results suggest that cockroach death occurred after exposure and there was a significant difference between the effectiveness of the soap solution concentrations on mortality (p=0.000). The Logit analysis indicated that the LC 50 of bar soap solution was at 32%. It can be concluded that the soap solution has a killing effect on the American cockroach with LC 50 at 32% after 24 hr of treatment.
Skabies disebabkan oleh Sarcoptes scabei yang mempunyai prevalensi tinggi dan menyerang segala umur dan komunitas seperti pondok pesantren karena faktor lingkungan fisik yang kurang memenuhi syarat dan personal hygiene santri yang kurang padahal penyakit skabies mudah untuk dicegah sehingga perlu untuk dikaji dan digali lebih dalam. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis hubungan faktor lingkungan fisik (kepadatan hunian, luas ventilasi, suhu dan kelembaban kamar) dan personal hygiene dengan kejadian skabies. Di pondok pesantren As-syafi'iyah 2 sidoarjo mempunyai prevalensi 1:2 santri yang terkena skabies tahun 2020. Jenis penelitian termasuk analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Responden penelitian ini sebanyak 67 santri di pondok pesantren As-syafi'iyah 2 Sidoarjo menggunakan teknik total sampling. Variabel bebas penelitian ini adalah faktor lingkungan fisik meliputi kepadatan hunian, luas ventilasi, suhu, dan kelembaban udara kamar serta personal hygiene, sedangkan variabel terikat adalah kejadian skabies. Pengumpulan data dengan lembar kuesioner sebagai pedoman wawancara tentang personal hygiene dan pengukuran faktor lingkungan fisik menggunakan instrumen lembar observasi dilakukan dengan pengamatan dan pengukuran menggunakan alat. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi square. Hasil penelitian bahwa ada hubungan antara kepadatan hunian kamar (p=0,043), luas ventilasi (p=0,000), kelembaban udara (p=0,000), personal hygiene (p=0,023) dengan kejadian skabies. Tidak ada hubungan antara suhu udara kamar (p=0,055) dengan kejadian skabies. Kesimpulan penelitian perlunya pihak pesantren mengurangi kepadatan kamar serta menghimbau santri untuk memaksimalkan penggunaan ventilasi agar udara kamar terjaga. Santri perlu diberikan edukasi untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan terkait personal hygiene agar mampu mengurangi faktor penularan skabies.
Introduction:At the end of 2019, Mulyoharjo village in Pemalang regency, Indonesia, had not reached an Open Defecation Free (ODF) status and diarrhea was frequent in the area. Some houses located by the river have no septic tank and dispose of the stool to the river. The local river water was contaminated, however, the quality of well water was not fully understood. Therefore, the quality of both water sources is required to be understood for the local community safety.Objectives: This study aims to determine and compare the microbiological quality (Escherichia coli) of well water and river water contaminated with stool in Mulyoharjo Village, Pemalang regency. Method: Seven houses were located next to the river (<20 m) and had dug well (depth 8-10 m). Four of seven houses had a septic tank while three houses had not. Both water sources from each house were collected using a weighted water sample bottle. E.coli presence was determined using the compact dry EC plates. Results: The result showed the river water had higher contamination (>1800 CFU/100ml) than well water (0-1125 CFU/100ml) (p=0.000, 95%). A difference was also found between the number of E.coli colonies in well water between houses with septic tanks and those without septic tanks (p=0.001). Conclusion: The contaminated river has a higher number of E.coli than well water. However, the houses with septic tanks tend to have well water with high E.coli compared to those who have no septic tank. It is assumed that the presence of septic tanks around the wells was too closed and caused contamination.
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