Abstract:The purpose of this study was to assess the extent to which educational leaders in the western cluster public universities of Ethiopia are ethical. Ethical leadership variables such as fairness, equity, multicultural competence, modeling ethical behaviors and altruism are considered in describing the ethical behaviors of the leaders. Descriptive survey research design with quantitative method was employed for it fits the purpose of the study. Data was collected from instructors and educational leaders holding various leadership positions in the sample universities. Accordingly, 107 instructors, 12 department heads, 6 college deans, 2 academic quality assurance officers, 3 ethical officers, 1 vice president and 1 president participated in the study. Questionnaires were mainly used to collect data from the respondents. T-test and ANOVA, among other data analysis tools, were used to analyze the data. The results of the study revealed that leaders in the sample universities practice ethical leadership moderately. The leaders failed to demonstrate the ethical leadership practices to the expected level. They have been found to demonstrate low multicultural competence, low at altruism, and low at modeling ethical behavior. And hence, it could be concluded that the educational leaders in public universities failed to meet the standards and expectations of ethical leadership. As a result, it is recommended that the academic leaders in the public universities need to be provided with leadership development opportunities. Moreover, public universities can establish leadership development programs that will enable leaders to continually update themselves and practice ethical leadership to the expected level.
The purpose of the study was to investigate the Practices of Cluster Supervision in Jimma town primary schools. To achieve this purpose, descriptive survey research design was employed as it helps to describe the status of the cluster supervision. Accordingly, 11 primary schools were selected by using stratified sampling technique from five Cluster Resource Centers (CRCs). From the 11 primary schools 126 teachers were selected using simple random sampling technique to represent the population. Moreover, 26 school principals, 5 CRC supervisors, and 1 Education Office Supervision Coordinator were included by purposefully. Data were collected using questionnaires, interview, observation and document analysis. Frequency, percentages, Mann Whitney U Independent Sample Test and Chi-square were used to analyze the quantitative data. The qualitative data was analyzed thematically. Consequently, the obtained results revealed that the CRC supervisors were not effective in promoting teachers professional development and instructional skills. They were not also able to frequently visit schools and classroom for closer support. Even though cluster supervisors support the schools’ management in ensuring good governance and providing timely information, they were not able to adequately enhance the school principals’ planning, decision making and internal management capacity. Moreover, the supervision practice was not successful in creating strong collaboration between all stakeholders. In conclusion, cluster school supervision is highly challenged due to lack of practical competence and adequate preparation of supervisors on one hand and the poor working conditions of supervisors on the other hand. Therefore, it is recommended that Regional Education Bureau and Jimma Town Education Officers work in collaboration with Jimma College of Teacher Education and Jimma University to provide adequate training for cluster supervisors in the town Jimma town supervision coordinator should also work very closely with the cluster supervisors in identifying the important training needs and providing accordingly to improve the quality of supervision that impact positively the quality teaching and learning. Finally, the Jimma Twon Education Office should allocate adequate budget and create conductive working conditions to achieve the objectives of teaching and learning.
Background: Ethiopia has taken unprecedented preventive measures like closure of higher education institutions to halt the spread of COVID-19. However, still, there is increasing number of cases and mortality due to COVID-19. As the youth age groups are highly active part of the community and as the colleges are one of the major areas where they gather together it would highly necessity to apply preventive measures there. Thus, this study aimed to assess the prevention practices and associated factors against COVID 19 among college students. Methods:A cross-sectional study design was conducted among 520 students. The sample was proportionally allocated into the randomly selected three colleges and the students were recruited using a simple random sampling technique. Variables with p-value < 0.25 in the bivariate logistic regression analysis were entered into the multivariable logistic regression model to identify the factors associated with COVID-19 prevention practices (Adequate Vs Inadequate, where adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 95% confidence interval (CIs) for AOR, and P-values were used for testing significance and interpretation of results.. Additionally, the qualitative data were collected from a total of 6 deans and student representatives using key informant interview and then transcribed, translated, and analyzed using thematic content analysis. Results:This study involved 520 students with response rate of 97%. The level of adequate practice was 46.9%. After adjusting for covariates; being in the late level of education (year III) (AOR: 3.863, 95% CI: 1.66, 8.95), living with > 5 family size (AOR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.37, 0.89), and being having adequate level of institutional and surroundings (AOR: 2.11 95% CI: 1.35, 3.30), having adequate level of knowledge and attitude (AOR: 6.51, 95% CI: 3.76, 11.25) were the independent predictors of adequate preventive practices against COVID-19. Conclusions:In this study, the overall adequate practice towards preventive measures of COVID-19 among college students was too low compared to completely performing the WHO recommendations and the FDRE directives to prevent and control the pandemic. Regulatory bodies should strictly control the colleges and the students to abide to the laws and regulations of prevention, and vaccinations have to be given to students by health authorities.
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