This paper presents a detailed study of the energy savings that can be achieved through residential appliances by implementing conservation voltage reduction (CVR). The computed energy savings are derived from the ZIP coefficients of a load model (static) under varying voltage conditions that represent the power consumed by each appliance tested. Multiple studies have shown energy savings at the substation level but not at the level of a specific residence and appliance; hence, the latter is the focus of this analysis. The appliances are determined based on the type of heating and cooling loads, and the daily duration of use for each appliance, which contributes to the total monthly consumption that is billed for a household are included in this study. Energy savings in Malaysia has been a focus of many current studies, and this study is the first attempt to achieve energy savings through the implementation of CVR. No published work has compared individual appliances that truly benefits from CVR, and this is addressed in this study. The main contribution of this study is that it provides very detailed and measured data that are used to analyze and generate energy savings for very specific residential appliances intended to meet every 1% voltage drop. The load model is developed for the common household appliances in Malaysia, and then a voltage reduction study is applied to the appliances as well as the Malaysian distribution networks. Here, we also provide insight for performing voltage reduction at an electric vehicle (EV) charging station in Malaysia. The results of this study should serve as a foundation for all practicing utilities engineers to address the issue of CVR in Malaysia. The CVR factors for residential, commercial, and industrial networks in Malaysia are also published in this paper.
—Corrosion of steel pole is a serious issue as they used steel pole to support overhead power line in distribution. A lot of money and time are spent for maintenance and repair of existing steel pole. This paper presents investigation on various coating technologies of steel pole for initial corrosion activity. Five types of coating were used on steel samples; epoxy, VEF polyglass, galvanized, epoxy galvanized and polyglass galvanized. The accelerated ageing test, salt spray test and water absorption test were used to determine coating degradation and severity of corrosion process. It was found that, the corrosion rate for epoxy galvanized and VEF polyglass galvanized were higher as the samples were undergoing accelerated ageing test. While VEF polyglass steel showed higher percentage of weight loss during salt spray test. In addition, the results of water absorption behavior showed that epoxy steel gave higher average of absorption rate. The results obtained lead to low degradation of coating as the corrosion rate seem to be uniform
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