Background: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a reliable as well as an inexpensive diagnostic method. It is suitable for the developing countries for the diagnosis of lymphadenopathy at any approachable site. Fine needle aspiration cytology not only confirms the presence of metastatic disease but also, in most cases, gives the clue regarding the origin of the primary tumor, prognosis as well in the management of patient for staging purposes. The aim of the study was to detect and diagnose metastasis in lymph nodes. Methods: A study was done of all metastatic lymph node lesions reported in Department of Pathology, Govt. Medical College, Surat from May 2011 to April 2012. Results: A total of 2355 cases of fine needle aspiration cytology were carried out of which 580 cases were of lymph node. Cytology results were positive for metastasis in 157 specimens (27.06%). The most common site was cervical lymph nodes. Maximum numbers of cases of metastatic tumors were in 41-50 yrs age group. There were 115 males and 42 females with a male predominance (Male:Female= 2.8:1). The most common malignancy was squamous cells carcinoma, seen in 118 cases (75.15%), followed by metastatic mammary carcinoma (13 cases, 8.29%). In 26 cases out of 580 cases, histopathological confirmation was done and diagnostic accuracy of FNAC was 100%. Conclusions: Fine needle aspiration cytology of lymphadenopathy is a useful tool in diagnosing metastatic lesions with good certainty. [Int J Res Med Sci 2013; 1(4.000): 451-454
Background: Ethnic groups like Sindhis, Kutchis, Lohanas, Punjabis, few Muslim groups as well as few tribal populations have higher prevalence of hemoglobinopathy esespecially β thalassemia carriers. β Thalassemia traits are commonly misdiagnosed as iron deficiency anemia. Red cell indices are helpful to discriminate anemia and to detect subjects who have high probability of requiring appropriate follow up and to reduce unnecessary investigation cost. Aims and objectives: 1) To study red blood cell indices in all cases of microcytic hypochromic anemia. 2) Estimation of HbA2 levels and serum ferritin levels to confirmiron deficiency anemia and β thalassemia trait. 3) To evaluate the diagnostic values of various red cell indices in discriminating iron deficiency anemia and β thalassemia trait. Materials and methods: It is a prospective observation study carried out on Sindhi individuals of Sagar District of Bundelkhand region of Madhya Pradesh. Hemoglobin, RBC count, MCV, MCH and RDW were determined. Serum ferritin levels and HbA2 levels were detected. Result: Out of total 200 cases of Sindhi individuals 25 patients (12.5%) were grouped in β thalassemia trait while 175 patients (87.5%) were grouped in iron deficiency anemia group on the basis of HbA2 and serum ferritin level. Significant difference was found inmean MCV, MCH, RDW and RBC count and showed high sensitivity and specificity to discriminate iron deficiency anemia from β thalassemia. Conclusion: Sindhi community of Sagar district of Madhya Pradesh showed high prevalence of β thalassemia trait. Mass awareness and proper pre marriage genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis should be done to reduce the burden of disease.
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