Infantile myofibroma (IM) commonly presents as a benign cutaneous fibrous tumor in infancy. Although the majority of solitary IM regress without any morbidity, some cases have underlying bone or visceral involvement that can lead to both morbidity and mortality. In this report with review of the literature, we present two cases of solitary cutaneous IM with internal involvement and discuss screening cases of solitary IM with full body imaging.

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Objectives To characterize the skin and mucosal findings of NEMO syndrome. Methods Retrospective review of clinical characteristics from a cohort of two families with mutations in IKBKG (the NEMO‐encoding gene). A literature review identified 86 studies describing 192 patients with IKBKG mutations whose data were also included. Setting Single center with literature review. Participants Patients with mutations in IKBKG from our center and reported in the literature. Main Outcomes and Measures Skin and mucosal characteristics of patients with NEMO syndrome. Results In addition to ectodermal dysplasia and recurrent infections, male patients had findings of ichthyosis, palmoplantar keratoderma, and inflammatory skin diseases. Both male and female patients had mucocutaneous ulcers and slow‐to‐heal chronic wounds. In combination with patients from the literature, 59% (85/144) of males had ectodermal dysplasia with anhidrosis (EDA) features, and 8% and 10% (12/144; 6/63) of males and females had dental findings, respectively. 4% (6/144) of males and 32% (20/63) of females had mucocutaneous ulcers. Ichthyosis/xerosis was present in 15% of males (21/144) but only 2% (1/63) females. Similarly, 13% (18/144) of male patients presented with dermatitis while this was reported in only 2% (1/63) of females. Conclusions Our results both confirm and expand upon the known spectrum of mucocutaneous findings in NEMO syndrome. Further genetic studies are needed to correlate specific mutations to clinical and morphologic subtypes.

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Background/Objectives Infantile hemangiomas (IHs) are common benign vascular tumors of infancy. IHs tend to grow in the first few months of life and then gradually involute over years, often leaving fibrofatty residua or textural changes in their place. Classically, these lesions are painless throughout their entire natural history; however, we now report on seven patients with involuted IH with intermittent but persistent sensory symptoms. Methods This is a multicenter case series in which members of the Birthmarks Focused Study Group of the Pediatric Dermatology Research Alliance (PeDRA) and the Hemangioma Investigator Group contributed patients with IH and dysesthesias from their clinical practices. Charts were then reviewed to document clinical details. Results Seven patients were included, presenting at an average age of 14.6 years (range 3‐48 years) for complaints related to discomfort in the region of involuted IH. The majority (6/7) reported pain or tenderness to the area. One patient reported pruritus. All patients reported intermittent symptoms. The length of symptoms ranged between 4 months and 5 years. Treatment was attempted in 5/7 patients. Ice, oral propranolol, topical capsaicin, and intralesional triamcinolone partially improved symptoms. Conclusions Persistent cutaneous dysesthesias were present in seven patients, in most cases many years after completion of involution. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the pathophysiology and optimal treatments for this IH complication.

Objectives: To review the key features of PHACE syndrome over the past 25 years, highlighting evaluation, management, current gaps in knowledge, and potential next steps in research and patient-centered care. Methods: Literature review and synthesis of expert opinion. Results: PHACE is a congenital neurocutaneous syndrome in which affected patients have posterior fossa abnormalities, hemangiomas, arterial anomalies, cardiac anomalies, and/or eye anomalies. Since its discovery 25 years ago, the scientific and medical communities have made strides in understanding and developing best practice approaches to diagnosis, outcomes, and surveillance. More research will be needed to fully elucidate the pathogenesis of this condition as well as long-term outcomes. We offer suggestions for healthcare maintenance to coordinate and streamline multidisciplinary patient care. Conclusions: Our understanding of PHACE syndrome has grown immensely since its discovery. As we continue to learn about long-term outcomes and the importance of surveillance into adulthood, a multidisciplinary and patient-centered approach is critical to optimize care for individuals with this disease.

Microtia is the term for congenital malformation of the ear in which the external and internal ear are absent or malformed. Surgical reconstruction is a common management approach and occasionally requires hair reduction of the newly constructed auricle. Few studies have investigated lasers for this purpose. We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients seen at a single institution between 2012 and 2021 who underwent laser hair reduction with long-pulsed neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser (Nd:YAG). Efficacy ratings were done through review of clinical photographs. Twelve patients were identified with 14 total ears treated. The number of laser treatments varied from 1 to 9 sessions with an average of 5.1 treatments.The majority (8/12) had an "excellent" or "very good" response, one patient had a "good" response, and three were lost to follow-up. Other than pain, there were no side effects documented. Nd:YAG laser was both effective and safe in our pediatric cohort, without any cutaneous side effects in patients with darker skin.

Dengue is the world's fastest‐growing vector borne disease and has significant epidemic potential in suitable climates. Recent disease models incorporating climate change scenarios predict geographic expansion across the globe, including parts of the United States and Europe. It will be increasingly important in the next decade for dermatologists to become familiar with dengue, as it commonly manifests with rashes, which can be used to aid diagnosis. In this review, we discuss dengue for general dermatologists, specifically focusing on its cutaneous manifestations, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. As dengue continues to spread in both endemic and new locations, dermatologists may have a larger role in the timely diagnosis and management of this disease.