The general purposes of this chapter are to provide a related literature review and share current pedagogical practices supporting formative digital-based assessments, especially as pertains to online/hybrid environments shared among a variety of educational community members (preservice teachers, in service teachers, undergraduate and graduate students, university faculty, K-12 students and family members). The authors have implemented a cross-course collaborative model in which university undergraduate and graduate students collaborate with each other toward greater service to community family events. The literature review includes 1) pedagogies in online/ blended learning environments, 2) top inquiry-based learning digital tools within collaborative learning systems, 3) digital-based formative and summative assessment, 4) gamification and computational thinking. The authors then present frameworks of a cross-course collaboration model: 1) pedagogical applications of their journey storytelling as digital formative assessments, as well as 2) empathy and journey mapping.
People living with HIV (PLHIV) are at an increased risk for many chronic diseases due, in part, to low physical activity (PA) levels. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between physical activity patterns and health-related fitness indicators of adults living with HIV in South Texas. Methods: Participants (N = 172) were mostly Hispanic/Latino (n = 105) adults with HIV. Measurements included a 7-day Physical Activity Recall (PAR) assessing light, moderate, and vigorous PA; a 6-minute walk test (6MWT) to assess cardiovascular fitness; a hand grip strength test to assess muscular strength; a back scratch test for flexibility; and anthropometrics (body mass index (BMI) and hip-waist ratio). Data were analyzed utilizing descriptive statistics, an independent samples t-test, Pearson's correlations and partial correlations, and a hierarchical multiple regression analysis (HMRA). Results: There was a significant relationship between total PA and muscular strength. Light and total PA were associated with lower hip-waist ratios. In Hispanics/Latinos, both moderate and total PA were associated with muscular strength. All findings remained after controlling for age. Hispanics/Latinos had higher hip-waist ratios than non-Hispanics/Latinos. Conclusions: Results suggest a relationship between PA and muscular strength as well as between PA and hip-waist ratio for this population of adults living with HIV, but not between PA and other health-related fitness indicators. There appears to be some benefit associated with even low intensity PA for PLHIV. Future intervention studies may wish to examine strategies to increase PA-particularly that of moderate and vigorous intensity-in PLHIV.
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