BackgroundThe Japanese Study on Stratification, Health, Income, and Neighborhood (J-SHINE) aims to clarify the complex associations between social factors and health from an interdisciplinary perspective and to provide a database for use in various health policy evaluations.MethodsJ-SHINE is an ongoing longitudinal panel study of households of adults aged 25–50 years. The wave 1 survey was carried out in 2010 among adults randomly selected from the resident registry of four urban and suburban municipalities in the greater Tokyo metropolitan area, Japan. In 2011, surveys for the participants’ spouse/partner and child were additionally conducted. The wave 2 survey was conducted in 2012 for the wave 1 participants and will be followed by the wave 2 survey for spouse/partner and child in 2013.ResultsWave 1 sample sizes were 4357 for wave 1 participants (valid response rate: 31.3%; cooperation rate: 51.8%), 1873 for spouse/partner (response rate: 61.9%), and 1520 for child (response rate: 67.7%). Wave 2 captured 69.0% of wave 1 participants. Information gathered covered socio-demographics, household economy, self-reported health conditions and healthcare utilization, stress and psychological values, and developmental history. A subpopulation underwent physiological (n = 2468) and biomarker (n = 1205) measurements.ConclusionsLongitudinal survey data, including repeated measures of social factors evaluated based on theories and techniques of various disciplines, like J-SHINE, should contribute toward opening a web of causality for society and health, which may have important policy implications for recent global health promotion strategies such as the World Health Organization’s Social Determinants of Health approach and the second round of Japan’s Healthy Japan 21.
BackgroundSelf-stigma has been highlighted and researched in relation to patients with chronic illnesses, as it may have a negative impact on their treatment adherence. However, self-stigma has not yet been investigated in patients with type 2 diabetes. In order to evaluate the extent to which patients with type 2 diabetes experience self-stigma, which may result in their poor self-care management, there is a need for a specific tool to measure self-stigma in patients with type 2 diabetes. This study assessed the psychometric properties of a Japanese version of the Self-Stigma Scale (SSS-J) in patients with type 2 diabetes.MethodsThe reliability and validity of the SSS-J were evaluated using a consecutive sample of 210 outpatients with type 2 diabetes from university hospitals and from hospitals or clinics specializing in diabetes treatment. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to assess the factors theorized by the original Self-Stigma Scale. Cronbach’s alpha for internal reliability and Pearson’s correlations for construct validity were used for evaluation of psychometric properties. Pearson’s correlations for test-retest reliability of the SSS-J were also performed.ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis verified the three-factor structure of the SSS-J, consisting of cognitive, affective, and behavioral subscales. The model fit indices were as follows: the goodness-of-fit index was 0.78, the adjusted goodness-of-fit index was 0.70, the comparative fit index was 0.88, and the root mean square error of approximation was 0.07. Cronbach’s alpha of the SSS-J was 0.96 (cognitive: alpha = 0.92; affective: alpha = 0.93; behavioral: alpha = 0.83). The SSS-J was associated with self-esteem (r = −0.43, p < 0.01), self-efficacy (r = −0.38, p < 0.01), and depressive symptoms (r = 0.39, p < 0.01). The 2-week test-retest reliability demonstrated satisfactory stability (r = 0.76, p < 0.01).ConclusionsThe SSS-J is reliable and valid for assessment of the extent of self-stigma in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.
Organizational justice has recently attracted attention as a predictor of employee mental and physical health. However, the lack of a Japanese translation of the original English-language organizational justice scale (OJS) has precluded its application in Japan. The present study aimed to develop Japanese version of the measure of organizational justice. We translated the original questionnaire, which is comprised of 20 items, from English to Japanese. The OJS is made up of four distinct dimensions: procedural, distributive, interpersonal and information justice. A total of 229 employees responded to the Japanese version of the OJS (OJS-J), the effort-reward imbalance (ERI) model and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). To assess construct validity, we recorded job satisfaction using the visual analog scale (VAS). Our exploratory factor analysis supported the four-factor structure model of OJS-J. Correlation coefficients between the OJS-J and ERI, K10 and VAS were statistically significant, indicating a reasonable degree of construct validity. Obtained internal consistency was markedly high (Cronbach's alpha was 0.96), and test-retest reliability as analyzed with an intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.91. These results suggest that the OJS-J is a reliable and valid measure that may be suitable for use as a predictor of employee health in the Japanese work place.
We examined the transduction efficiency of a VSV-G (vesicular stomatitis virus G protein)-pseudotyped vector encoding beta-galactosidase (lacZ) into human solid tumor cell lines and murine fibroblasts, compared with that of an amphotropic vector carrying the same RNA sequence. The ratio of cells transduced with the VSV-G-pseudotyped vector corresponded closely to 1 - e(-m.o.i.), as predicted from a Poisson distribution of transduction to the entire cellular population, while this was not the case for the amphotropic vector. Here m.o.i. (multiplicity of infection) is defined as the ratio of input infectious units (titrated on the corresponding cell line) to the number of cells used for the transduction. At high m.o.i.s (values greater than 3), the VSV-G-pseudotyped vector transduced approximately 95% of the culture population of all cell lines examined. The transduction efficiency of the amphotropic vector, however, was not dose-dependent and reached a plateau or even decreased, especially at high m.o.i.; this may be attributable at least in part to the presence of envelope protein and noninfectious particles that compete for the receptor of infectious amphotropic virus. The copy number of integrated vector proviral DNA and the expression level of lacZ increased almost linearly with the dose of the VSV-G-pseudotyed vector, which could readily achieve multiple transduction of more than 10 copies per cell and afforded about 100-fold more transgene product than could be achieved with the amphotropic vector. These features of both the VSV-G-pseudotyped vector and the amphotropic vector were essentially unaffected by purification using centrifugation. These properties of the vector should be highly advantageous for gene transfer into entire populations of human tumor cell lines at a designed dosage.
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