The androgen receptor (AR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that belongs to the family of nuclear receptors, and its activity is regulated by numerous AR coregulators. AR plays an important role in prostate development and cancer. In this study, we found that TRIM24/transcriptional intermediary factor 1alpha (TIF1alpha), which is known as a ligand-dependent nuclear receptor co-regulator, interacts with AR and enhances transcriptional activity of AR by dihydrotestosterone in prostate cancer cells. We showed that TRIM24 functionally interacts with TIP60, which acts as a coactivator of AR and synergizes with TIP60 in the transactivation of AR. We also showed that TRIM24 binds to bromodomain containing 7 (BRD7), which can negatively regulate cell proliferation and growth. A luciferase assay indicated that BRD7 represses the AR transactivation activity upregulated by TRIM24. These findings indicate that TRIM24 regulates AR-mediated transcription in collaboration with TIP60 and BRD7.
Risk factors for BSI in the pre-engraftment period were the interval between diagnosis and transplantation (261 days or more), engraftment failure, and high-risk disease status at HSCT in a multivariate analysis. No significant risk factor for BSI in the post-engraftment period was identified by a univariate analysis. These findings may be useful for deciding upon empiric antibacterial treatment for HSCT recipients.
Secondary failure of platelet recovery (SFPR), a late decrease in the platelet count after primary platelet recovery that is not due to relapse or graft rejection, occasionally occurs after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The risk factors and impact of SFPR on transplantation outcomes are not well known in the clinical setting. Therefore, we retrospectively evaluated 184 adult patients who underwent their first allogeneic HSCT and achieved primary platelet recovery. The cumulative incidence of SFPR, defined as a decrease in the platelet count to below 20,000/µL for more than 7 days, was 12.2% at 3 years, with a median onset of 81 days (range, 39 to 729) after HSCT. Among patients who developed SFPR (n = 23), 19 (82.6%) showed recovery to a sustained platelet count of more than 20,000/µL without transfusion support, and the median duration of SFPR was 23 days (range, 7 to 1048 days). A multivariate analysis showed that in vivo T cell depletion (hazard ratio [HR], 6.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.31 to 20.7; P < .001), grades II to IV acute graft-versus-host disease (HR, 3.99; 95% CI, 1.52 to 10.5; P = .005), and the use of ganciclovir or valganciclovir (HR, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.05 to 7.77; P = .039) were associated with an increased risk for SFPR. The occurrence of SFPR as a time-dependent covariate was significantly associated with inferior overall survival (HR, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.18 to 4.46; P = .015) in a multivariate analysis. These findings may help to improve the management and treatment strategy for SFPR.
This study shows that long-term ultra-low-dose acyclovir appears to be effective for preventing VZV disease, especially disseminated VZV disease, after allogeneic HSCT. We recommend continuing acyclovir until the end of immunosuppressive therapy and for at least 1 year after HSCT, but additional strategies such as the administration of varicella vaccine may be needed to eradicate VZV disease.
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