With recent advancements and novel approaches, various MRI techniques can be used to help diagnose and assist in presurgical planning and posttreatment management of brain tumors.
INTRODUCTION:The short, thin-walled right renal vein (RRV) makes anastomosis and hilar hemostasis challenging in deceased donor kidney transplantation. The right renal artery is twice the length of the vein. The purposes of the present retrospective study were to: (1) describe a surgical technique that uses the contiguous inferior vena cava (IVC) segment to lengthen the right renal vein, and (2) report the surgical outcomes.
METHODS: A total of 44 right deceased-donor kidneys were transplanted into 44 recipients between March 2005and February 2010. Recipient ages ranged from 19-68 years (28 females; 16 males). We used the contiguous IVC to augment short renal veins in the right kidney allografts. This resulted in a horizontal extension of the RRV, with outflow through the orifice of the left renal vein (LRV). Augmented right renal veins were anastomosed end-toside to the external iliac vein, and the right renal arteries with aortic patches were anastomosed end-to-side to the external iliac artery in all recipients except 1. Surgical outcomes were assessed.
RESULTS:Among the 44 kidney recipients, 39 were first transplants and 5 were second transplants. The kidneys were placed on the right side (n = 38), left side (n = 5), and into the peritoneum (n = 1). The mean RRV augmentation time was 32 minutes (range, 24-49 minutes); completion of back-table dissection added another 40 minutes. The cold ischemia times ranged from 3 hours 50 minutes to 19 hours. The rewarming times ranged from 34-44 minutes.Immediate graft function was noted in 37 kidneys; 3 patients required dialysis for delayed graft function; 4 patients had slow graft function but did not require dialysis. In a follow-up period ranging from 8 months to 5 years, no graft was lost from vascular complications following the augmentation of the RRV. All 44 venous anastomoses were safe and easy, and kinking of the renal artery was avoided because the reconstructed vein matched the length of the artery.
CONCLUSION:Augmentation of the short RRV utilizing the contiguous IVC is a safe, simple, and reliable procedure that avoids graft loss from vascular complications in deceased donor renal transplantation.UroToday International Journal ® UI J
common carotid artery (CCA). Complete cerebral protection was achieved by direct clamping after systemic heparin was given. Retrograde carotid access was then obtained. All patients were implanted with a balloonexpandable stent over the lesion. In two patients a kissing stent technique was performed, with surgical exposure of axillary artery in one patient and ultrasound-guided puncture in the other, due to extensive lesions of the IA with extension to the right SCA. Direct removal of potential embolic material was performed prior to clamp removal. Clamping time of the CCA was under 15 minutes in all patients. The postoperative period was uneventful, without cerebrovascular ischemic events and resolution of the admission symptoms. Mean follow-up time was 19.8 months. During follow-up, all patients remained asymptomatic and there were no signs of restenosis. Conclusion-The present case series demonstrates the feasibility of a hybrid approach to treat IA lesions with complete cerebral embolic protection. This method allows safer embolic protection compared to a totally endovascular approach with lesser morbidity than open surgery.
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