A tuberculose marcou forte presença no Brasil, ao longo de todo o século XX. No presente estudo, são passados em revista ícones canônicos, signos e significados associados à moléstia, na qualidade de recursos de aproximação às representações sociais da doença. Os dispensários organizados para prover educação sanitária e assistência médica e social aos doentes; os sanatórios, dedicados ao isolamento nosocomial e tratamento prolongado; o hábito de escarrar e as escarradeiras, insólitos para os padrões atuais, cuja difusão acreditou-se auxiliar no combate à enfermidade; a abreugrafia, no rastreamento de novos casos. Esses são alguns dos elementos recuperados com o intuito de coligir informações em apoio à perspectiva de se recuperar a história da tuberculose do ponto de vista daqueles que temeram o contágio, que atentaram para os rigores de sua prevenção, que sofreram os danos biológicos causados pela doença, que conviveram com suas metáforas. A título de conclusão, esboça-se o perfil epidemiológico de um século de tuberculose no Brasil, apontando para as mutações reconhecidas na inserção da doença no imaginário social.
Can human beings get tuberculosis from the milk taken from cows infected with tuberculosis? Are the diagnosis and control of cattle tuberculosis effective for the protection of human populations? Questions such as these were the main concern of doctors from São Paulo at the beginning of the twentieth century. The present study tried to recover elements from the polemic that took place in São Paulo, in order to encourage the coming up of complementary facts about such matter. The article presents some indicators of confronting positions: on one hand, the goal of intensying the control of tuberculosis among the cattle; on the other hand, the attempt not to bring up any loss to national cattle raisers through the demand of additional precaution measures, which would affect the production and distribution of their products. Medical publications kept records of the interventions, which have allowed the author to identify the first position as the stronger one, which has brought up relevant consequences for the sanitary food control.
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