The paper follows the tradition of research in legal linguistics and into formulaic language, specifically into lexical bundles. The aim of the paper is to describe lexical bundles in samples from the corpus of Slovak judicial decisions OD-JUSTICE by means of quantitative characteristics of the identified bundles and by their comparison with bundles found in two other specialized corpora: the corpus of Slovak legal regulations and the corpus of annual reports by Slovak public institutions. For the identification of bundles, the concept of the h-point was used. Identified bundles are described with respect to their maximal, minimal, average, median and mode values, distributions and ratios. The aim of the paper is to outline an interpretation of these bundle characteristics with regard to communicative function(s) of compared document genres.
The paper reflects on a freely accessible program to annote, analyze and visualize literary texts called CATMA, which is developed by the narratological team led by Jan Christoph Meister in Hamburg, which follows the tradition of the German research into the area of digital or quantitative narratology. The design of the annotation program develops the conceptual apparatus of classical narratology and these (e.g. Genettian types of anisochrony) are implemented in digitally supported analysis and interpretation of semantics in the genre of short story. Furthermore, annotation and visualization do not replace quantitative analysis, what they do is prepare for a literary scientist a kind of a cognitive map which may help them notice potentially interesting (ir)regularities of texture of the work (grammatical, morphological, semantic features). The CATMA tool thus opens possibilities not only for quantitative study of authors´corpora but also for analysis of motifs which are in the sense of narrative semantics of fictitious worlds as formulated by Lubomír Doležel intentionally expressed by means of distribution of linguistic signs.
Abstract:The paper aims to reflect on theoretical foundations of Horecký's approach to the relation between language (and more specifically: terms) and thinking (concepts). Reflections are devoted to Horecký's explicit and implicit beliefs on the nature of terms and concepts and their mutual relation, as well as their relation to reality around. Definitions of both term and concept appear in some of Horecký's major papers. The paper focuses on models of term-concept relation proposed in those papers. finally, an attempt is made to find some convergences and divergences in theories of Horecký and the Czech logician Pavel Tichý.Keywords: terms, concepts, philosophy, Ján Horecký, Pavel Tichý, logical spectrum, Transparent Intensional Logic LANGUAGE AND thINKINGIn his book Spoločnosť a jazyk (Society and Language), Horecký writes: "The outer reality is always reflected in the natural language in some way, that is, it is designated by linguistic means. The relation of objective reality, thinking and language is often represented by the so called semantic triangle" [3, p. 16]. This is basically an Aristotelian view in the sense that objective reality, thinking and language exist as three separate domains. These three nevertheless interact with each other, which means that the questions of philosophy are not restricted to the limits of either categories of mind (as for Kant) or those of language (as for Wittgenstein). The outer reality is, as Horecký states, always reflected in the natural language in some way. This leaves, on the one hand, room for further interpretation, as long as the way of this reasoning is left without further specification. On the other hand, Horecký clearly suggests that the relation between outer reality and natural language is that of a reflection. At the same time, Horecký admits that this reflection can be labeled as designation. He introduces classic semantic triangle consisting of the object/thing (reality), the name of the thing (language), and the concept, generalization of the thing (thinking). The relation of the name of the thing and the thing itself is, contrary to name-concept, and concept-thing relations, "immediate only during communication, that is, in cases where a given name is used to directly naming a certain thing" [3, p. 17]. In other cases, the relation between a name (language) and the thing (object, reality) is mediated through several levels (logical, semantic, onomasiological). It is this complex and dynamic form of mediation between the language, thinking and the world around where, as I would argue,
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