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Aims: This study explored the prevalence and patterns of cigarette, alcohol and illicit drug use among adolescents with mild intellectual disability (ID) residing in different types of living arrangements in Serbia. Methods: A total of 100 male and female adolescents, aged 13-20 years, attending special schools for students with ID completed a self-report measure on drug use. Fifty adolescents lived with their parents, and the other fifty lived at residential schools. Findings: Overall, the prevalence rates of having ever used cigarettes, alcohol and marijuana were 63%, 49% and 4%, respectively. Boys were more likely to use drugs than girls. The higher prevalence and more severe patterns of drug use were found in adolescents living in residential settings. The significant differences were mainly related to smoking. Conclusions: The findings from the present study suggest that a substantial number of adolescents with ID had experienced drug use. Implications for future research and prevention practice were discussed.

Abstract:By indicating general problems of the studies of defterology in contemporary Ottoman studies, this paper aims at elaborating the principles of postclassical defterology, which is connected with the transition period of the Ottoman Empire. By presenting the existing scientific achievements and focusing on the very procedure of making inventories, the paper defines the access framework for the study of Ottoman inventory books -the defters. Postclassical defterology is defined through the process of fiscal transformation and specific parameters that characterize the existing historiographical research. The case study of defters for the Smederevo sanjak from 1741 is used to illustrate the classic model of postclassical methodology. Special attention was focused on the issue of credibility which burdens the modern approach to defterology. The problem of fictitious archive material is isolated as the dominant paradigm of all further socio-economic studies of postclassical defterology.

Background/Aim. Resilience is related to the substance use in adolescence. However, little is known about the nature of this relation in adolescents with intellectual disability (ID). The aim of this research was to determine the relation among three domains of resilience (sense of mastery, sense of relatedness and emotional reactivity) and the substance use (cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana) in adolescents with ID. Methods. The sample consisted of 100 adolescents of both genders with mild ID and aged 13-20 years. The Resiliency Scales for Children and Adolescents were used to assess resilience. Results. In the adolescents with ID, resilience was significantly related to the use of cigarettes (χ 2 = 13.384; df = 3; p = 0.004), but not to the use of alcohol (χ 2 = 6.789; df =3; p > 0.05). Out of the three assessed domains of resilience, increased emotional reactivity was the only significant predictor of cigarette use. Conclusion. The obtained results suggest that emotional difficulties may increase the risk of cigarette use in adolescents with ID.

Our results suggest that taking preventive measures is obligatory. Namely, magnetic resonance imaging (MRL) scan must be included in the standard pilot selection procedure and procedure after ejection, physical conditioning of pilots has to be improved, training on ejection trainer has to be accomplished, too.

Introduction. Self-efficacy significantly affects teaching outcomes and professional life of teachers. Although there are numerous research studies on self-efficacy and job satisfaction of teachers, studies that deal with teachers in special education are scarce. Objectives. The research had the following two goals: first, to determine the differences in self-efficacy and job satisfaction between teachers in secondary schools for students with disabilities and teachers in secondary vocational schools, and second, to examine the relationship between self-efficacy and job satisfaction in these two groups of teachers. Methods. The sample consisted of 96 teachers in schools for students with disabilities and 372 teachers in vocational schools. Ohio State Teacher Efficacy Scale, Short form (OSTES) and Teaching Satisfaction Scale (TSS) were used. Results. Teachers in schools for students with disabilities differed significantly in the level of self-efficacy and job satisfaction compared to teachers in vocational schools. In both groups of teachers, there was a significant positive relation between self-efficacy and job satisfaction. Conclusion. The results of this research suggest that teachers with a higher level of self-efficiency are generally more satisfied with their job. This finding may have significant implications for teacher professional development. The determined differences between the two groups of teachers justify the need for an in-depth study of the relation between self-efficiacy and job satisfaction.

Th e high speeds achieved during the take-off , fl ight, and landing of modern aircraft present limitations for the visual system. Th e importance of maintaining visual function during these intervals has been recognizised since the earliest stages of aviation development. Because of the great practical importance of air combat, research on visual stress during fl ight is of great importance receives much attention. Vision is the most important sensory function in terms of

The Transitional period in the Ottoman Empire (17th-18th century) brought about changes in the organization of government that were felt deeply at the imperial periphery. The process of decentralization in the Ottoman Balkans was most prominent during the 18th century. Traditional roles of political and social agents in towns became ever more unstable and the shifts of ruling elites were ever more pronounced. The ruling, Muslim elite had gradually joined together by forming political alliances in order to gain influence and money. Political struggles became constant. Belonging to the elite through acquiring the status of asker - either by enlisting into janissaries or by getting a timar and the status of spahi - did not guarantee a political influence or wealth. The new elite got their positions thanks to the political connections with either local or central government. The financial power was a factor that mostly determined a person?s status in the 18th century, and it did not depend on the legitimacy of economic undertakings. The capital was accumulated through trade, tax farming and tax collecting. The close relations with the representatives of government secured path towards an elite status. The rise of the new local governing elite and the ways of its social and political promotion were not identical processes even in the neighboring provinces. The role of m?tesellim, voyvoda or kapudan, depended on the character of the Ottoman administration in the province (sanjak), which is why case studies contribute to the overall knowledge about the organization of Ottoman local authorities.