The capability to use cultural cues in order to function effectively in culturally diverse situations has been measured by the fashionable concept of cultural intelligence (CQ) and its four dimensions (metacognitive CQ, cognitive CQ, motivational CQ and behavioral CQ) in a lot of previous studies and research. This capability is an important asset of the competitive portfolio for almost all companies in today's globalized world. Our study builds on a recent intensive research and brings anew the issue of CQ into the Czech environment. Specifically, the relationship between language skills and cultural intelligence is examined. Using the PLS – SEM statistical method, a sample of 100 respondents studying in the English BA program at one Czech private university and coming from different countries (mostly from China) was analyzed to demonstrate that there was a positive correlation between foreign language proficiency and all dimensions of CQ. On the contrary, another hypothesis (proposed in one previous study) was not confirmed: purposeful preparation for a language exam and its successful passing does not stimulate the development of the motivational (or any other) dimension of CQ or, in any case, no significant difference was found between the two groups of those who possess a language certificate and those who do not.
Cultural intelligence measures an individual’s ability to succeed in a culturally unknown environment. Self-efficacy expresses self-confidence in one’s own ability to handle a situation. The two concepts are closely linked, as confirmed by a number of previous studies. Using the multivariate method PLS-SEM, the predictive effect of CQ on self-efficacy is investigated; compared to previous studies, the relationship causality is reversed. A sample of 190 university students was also tested for how this relationship is moderated by two categorical variables: work experience abroad and gender. The results showed that cultural intelligence is a predictor of intercultural self-efficacy in communication. Its impact on the endogenous variable (self-efficacy) is rather weak, but significantly strengthened by work experience abroad. Gender has no effect on this relationship.
Cultural intelligence (CQ) contributes to the wellbeing and satisfaction of individuals who are living abroad or meet members of other cultures and as such it influences the professional efficiency and competitiveness of organizations interacting with cross-cultural stakeholders. The paper investigates the impact of the individual factors (metacognitive, cognitive, motivational, and behavioral) of CQ on the adjustment of foreigners. The adjustment mechanism is explained in association with the individual CQ factors, using satisfaction with life as the mediator. The results of a PLS-SEM analysis on a sample of 191 foreign students studying at Czech universities have shown that all CQ factors, except for the cognitive one, are important in the process of adjusting to new intercultural (cross-cultural) situations. Our research further reveals that the effect of motivational CQ on satisfaction with life and adjustment is amplified by intercultural competencies and preparation. An individual who has spent a long time abroad in the past, has come into frequent contact with foreigners, knows the foreign language of the country they are staying in or has good linguistic skills will be more satisfied in a new country and will adjust more easily.
Cultural intelligence (CQ), expressing a capacity to effectively function in a cultural or culturally diverse environment (professional and otherwise), has great importance not only for the success of individuals who operate professionally in a intercultural environment, but also for the competitiveness of companies or organizations operating in international markets. For this reason research about CQ abroad is given the high level of attention, however this is not the case in the Czech Republic. This review uses the relatively new method of systematic quantitative literature review to provide a detailed mapping of cultural intelligence research in the years 2015–2019. The results of the analysis indicate that CQ is a global multidisciplinary phenomenon that has become established in intercultural management as a compelling area of research. The concept of CQ is well conceptualized and operationalized; the research at present is focused on the known relationships of new mediators or moderators and other correlations between CQ and new variables are being sought at the level of international economies and management. From the number of published research outcomes it can be seen that interest in CQ is growing, primarily among authors from multicultural countries. Researchers in the years 2015–2019 tested (predominantly in empirical studies) far more hypotheses related to CQ than they did in a comparable previous period; the studies took place in 33 countries, however mostly in the USA. European countries nonetheless fall somewhat behind in this area. Building on previous literature reviews, the nomological network of CQ has been supplemented for the years 2018 and 2019. From the classification of research outcomes it is evident that researchers are most interested in topics oriented on psychology of work. Our study brings entirely new information about CQ research pertaining to the methods used in quantitative analysis and the characteristics of respondents and localization of research.
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