Pleurectomy/decortication preserved good pulmonary function, whereas extrapleural pleuropneumonectomy significantly reduced pulmonary function, which may lead to dyspnea and influence the quality of life of these patients.

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Mucinous cystadenoma is a benign tumor commonly found in the pancreas, the ovaries or the appendix. Only very few cases of these tumors originating from the lungs have been reported worldwide, with even less cases describing malignant transformation. We present the case of a 58-year-old woman with a history of recurrent pulmonary infections who underwent left upper lobectomy for lung abscess and was initially diagnosed with pulmonary mucinous cystadenoma (PMCA). Upon thorough immunohistochemical workup, especially due to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) positivity, intramucinous singlet cells were eventually diagnostic for invasive carcinoma, in this case a mucinous cystadenocarcinoma arising from a PCMA. PMCA is a rare benign tumor whose potential for malignant transformation has not yet been fully understood. Due to the low number of cases further studies are needed to evaluate if there is a benefit of complete oncologic resection, provided the general condition of the patient allows it. A review of the currently available literature serves to better understand the clinical, radiological and histological features of this rare tumor.

We conclude that surgical biopsy can be safely performed in patients with suspected UIP.

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Background The microbiological diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (Tb) in a pediatric population is hampered by both low pathogen burden and noncompliance with sputum sampling. Although endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) has been found useful for the evaluation of mediastinal pathologies in adults, for children, sparse data are available. Here, we have evaluated EBUS-TBNA as a diagnostic procedure in children and adolescents with suspected pulmonary Tb. Methods In this retrospective analysis, we reviewed the charts of unaccompanied refugee minors (URM) who were admitted between January 2016 and July 2018 and who, during their initial medical screening upon arrival in Germany, were found to have abnormal radiological pulmonary and mediastinal findings and/or immunological results indicative of Tb. For each patient, basic sociodemographic data, clinical features and data on diagnostic procedures performed were assessed. These included imaging, immunodiagnostic tests and microbiological data derived from sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage, EBUS-TBNA, bronchoscopy and pleural fluid sampling. All patients who underwent invasive sampling procedures were included in the study. Results Out of 42 URM with suspected Tb, 34 fulfilled the study’s inclusion criteria. Ages ranged from 14 to 17 years. All were of African origin, with 70.0% coming from Somalia, Eritrea and Ethiopia. Among the 21 patients for whom EBUS-TBNA was performed, the diagnostic yield was high: 66.7% positive results (MTb detected either by acid-fast stain, culture or PCR in 4.8, 42.9 and 61.9% of samples, respectively). Multidrug-resistant MTb was found in two patients from Somalia. No complications were associated with the procedure. Overall, pulmonary Tb was diagnosed in 29 patients (85.3%), miliary Tb in two patients (5.9%) and latent Tb in three patients (8.8%). Conclusions EBUS-TBNA is a sensitive and safe method with high diagnostic yield in the evaluation of pediatric patients with mediastinal pathology and suspected Tb.

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