The pandemic related to COVID-19 has affected education particularly in terms of the massive shift towards online teaching and study. Students and teachers had to face new challenges they had not met before. The aim of the paper is to research how both, students and teachers perceive the online educational process, to identify advantages and disadvantages of online teaching, as well as to analyze and evaluate the quality of online teaching in comparison with the attendance form of education from both students’ and teachers’ perspective. In order to fulfill this purpose, we carried out two separate questionnaire surveys (among students and teachers at the Faculty of Economic Informatics at the University of Economics in Bratislava). Based on conclusions resulting from our research, we can affirm that both students and teachers prefer the attendance form of education rather than online teaching, students mainly because of need of socialization, personal contact with teachers and classmates, better and faster communication with teachers, and active class discussion. The attendance form of education eliminates technology related problems, such as outages of the Internet, electricity, missing technology equipment, and this form of education is performed on higher quality level in comparison with online education. Among the most frequently limitations of online education mentioned by teachers were anonymity of students, complexity of preparation of study materials, and cheating during exams and tests. There are also some advantages the online education offers, such as time savings, more effective, creative and flexible modern way of teaching, and recording lectures.
Information technologies, automated processes and digitalization as a part of Industry 4.0 have influenced all spheres of social and economic life, including accounting.The accounting and tax practice have to respond to the growing number of electronic accounting records that is why the automated processing of accounting documentation, digitalization and electronic communication are nowadays a natural part of accounting practice. At present, there are several laws in the legislative process in the Slovak Republic responding to the current situation as well as to changes coming from the European Union environment. One of them is the communication between accounting entities and the Financial Administration Authority of the Slovak Republic, which is, as of the 1 January 2022, required to be provided entirely electronically. The paper focuses on questions related to the future position of accounting profession, as well as on the processes of digitization and digitalization in the accounting and tax practice, with the accent on the legislation required to reflect the changes and challenges related to the growing number of electronic accounting records. The source data consist mainly of academic and professional papers, as well as of the legislation related to the subject of our research.
The paper introduces the proposal of the measurement model for insurance and reinsurance contracts in accordance with the new standard IFRS 17 Insurance contracts that will be effective as of January 1, 2023. The Standard does not contain formulas, but it is principle-based, which is why the selected method of general model measurement is a scientific benefit for the measurement of the insurance product. The application of the GMM method is not the same as that of the insurance company and the reinsurance company perspective, despite the same chosen actuarial assumptions. The scope of changes, which the new Standard offers, is comprehensive and brings new challenges, even for scientific purposes.
The scientific and technical progress is unstoppable. Information technologies have an impact on every spheres of social life, including accounting. The automation of business processes is a common part of business and accounting practice. Manual, regularly occurring transactions, which are made by accountants nowadays, are gradually being replaced by information technologies and automatic robotic systems. The accounting entities fully use cloud storages, artificial intelligence, blockchain technologies, etc. It is even assumed that some professions, due to robotization and automation of business processes, will gradually disappear within a few decades. The digitalization and automation of business processes have recently been accelerated in many cases by the crisis related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper focuses on the assessment of the level of automation in different types of accounting entities, with an accent on automation in accounting practice, as well as on new challenges arising from it, many of which are the result of measures taken in the last two years due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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