The COVID-19 pandemic has forced employers and employees to re-evaluate their attitudes toward telecommuting. This induced a change in the sheer number of people who have started to work from home (WFH). While previous studies highlight differences between telecommuters based on their level of telecommuting experience, these effects have not been studied in detail. This may limit the evaluation of implications for post-pandemic times and the transferability of models and predictions based on data collected during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study expands on previous findings by comparing the characteristics and behavior of those who have started to telecommute during the pandemic and those who had already telecommuted before. Furthermore, this study addresses the uncertainty that exists about whether the findings of studies conducted before the pandemic—for example about sociodemographic characteristics of telecommuters—still hold true, or if the pandemic induced a shift in telecommuters’ profiles. Telecommuters show differences when considering their previous experience in WFH. The results of this study suggest that the transition induced by the pandemic was more drastic for new telecommuters compared with experienced telecommuters. The COVID-19 pandemic had an effect on how household configurations are considered in the choice to WFH. With decreased access to child care resulting from school closings, people with children in the household were more likely to choose to telecommute during the pandemic. Also, while people living alone are generally less likely to choose to WFH, this effect was reduced as a result of the pandemic.

Decision-makers in cities worldwide have the responsibility to contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in urban transport. Therefore, effective measures and policies that allow for a change in people’s mobility towards sustainable mobility must be derived. To understand how different people respond to measures and policies, and to increase the effectiveness of such policies, individual mobility needs and mobility determinants have to be considered. For this, the definition of individual mobility styles as holistic descriptions considering travel behavior, attitudes, as well as life stages is useful. This study presents a segmentation approach that identifies eight urban mobility styles by using data from a multidimensional survey conducted in Berlin and San Francisco. We applied a cluster analysis with both behavioral and attitudinal characteristics as segmentation criteria. By analyzing the characteristics, we identified a mobility style—the Environmentally Oriented Multimodals—that is environmentally oriented, but not yet all people in this cluster are sustainable in their mobility. Thus, they are the group with the highest potential to accept and use sustainable mobility. Additionally, we found that within the Environmentally Oriented Multimodals, the change from one life stage to another is also likely to be accompanied by a car acquisition.

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Being a vast external influence, the COVID-19 pandemic causes major changes in travel behavior on the individual level. This exceptional situation and the political measures such as the lockdown lead to decreased overall travel demand and shifts in mode choice. To understand these effects, the analysis of car usage in private households offers explanatory insights. To this aim, this study provides a differentiation of car usage before and during the COVID -19 pandemic in spring 2020. Furthermore, insights into structural changes of car usage in private households based on German Mobility Panel data are presented. The results show that during the COVID -19 pandemic car usage was affected, and overall mileage decreased. Especially newer cars with large cubic capacity show a large decrease in mileage by 39 % between 2019 and 2020. In addition, we see that the type of car usage (business/private) and the household characteristics are related to different magnitudes of change in car usage. Overall, it becomes evident that examining identical households and cars before and during the pandemic allows for a deeper understanding of the impacts of the COVID -19 pandemic.

In diesem Paper wird eine Analyse der Auswirkungen von Home Office und der Einflüsse auf die Entscheidung, von zu Hause aus zu arbeiten vorgestellt. Dank des Paneldesigns liefert das Deutsche Mobilitätspanel einzigartige Daten von Personen, die vor und während der COVID-19-Pandemie teilgenommen haben. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die die Pandemie das Pendelverhalten stark beeinflusst hat und die Veränderungen teilweise auch zukünftig bleiben werden.

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