Background: In the absence of fragility fractures, the diagnosis of osteoporosis is established by bone densitometry: a T-score of -2.5 or lower in the femoral neck, total hip or lumbar vertebrae. One hip and the lumbar vertebrae are routinely scanned, and there is no consensus which hip should be used. The purpose of this retrospective study is to determine whether, in a male population, scanning both hips and the lumbar vertebrae identifies more patients with osteoporosis than scanning only one hip and the lumbar vertebrae.
Methods:We retrieved data from 1,048 male Caucasian patients referred to our Center who were not on treatment for osteoporosis, had no documented bone pathology and had interpretable scans of both hips and the lumbar vertebrae.Results: More men aged 80 years and older were diagnosed with osteoporosis when scans of both hips and the lumbar vertebrae were considered, compared to the left hip and lumbar vertebrae (7%) or right hip and lumbar vertebrae (6%). The differences in diagnostic categories were less pronounced in younger subjects: only 2% more men younger than 60 years were diagnosed with osteoporosis when both hips and the lumbar vertebrae were scanned compared to just one hip and the lumbar vertebrae.
Conclusions:We recommend that in Caucasian men, especially those aged 80 years and older, both hips be scanned in addition to the lumbar vertebrae.
Clinical trials are used to determine the efficacy and safety of a medication prior to approval for commercial use and to influence the prescribing habits of clinicians. The lack of uniformity in the diagnostic thresholds used in clinical trials on osteoporosis makes it difficult to compare the results of these trials. The use of placebo, different anatomical sites, T-score cutoff points, and risk factors precludes any meaningful comparison being made between the outcomes of clinical trials. Finally, the lack of uniform reporting format makes it difficult to retrieve important information to compare one medication to another. Because the diagnostic thresholds used affect the outcomes of these trials, health care providers need to be aware of these criteria to determine whether the results of a particular clinical trial can be applied to a particular patient.
Es existieren viele Mythen rund um die Sexualität der Frau, vor allem in der Zeit der Schwangerschaft und nach der Geburt. Die Autorin des vorliegenden Beitrags ist Fachärztin für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe und berät Frauen und Paare rund um Sexualität, Kinderwunsch und Schwangerschaft. Nachfolgend beleuchtet sie das Thema Sexualität vor, während und nach der Schwangerschaft aus wissenschaftlicher Sicht und aus ihrer Beratungserfahrung heraus und leitet Tipps für die Praxis ab.
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