Although more and more data is collected automatically, many interfaces still require manual input. When we, for example, enter our daily calorie intake or calculate our ecological footprint, we often have to guess the weight of the food or what distance we have covered with our car. In this paper, we propose a solution to overcome the problem of forcing users to enter a single value when they are unsure about the actual input. On the basis of a slider, we designed four input controls which allow the input of uncertain data in the form of probability distribution functions. To evaluate our input controls, we conducted two studies collecting subjective and objective feedback. Based on the evaluation, we derived implications for their usage. We additionally provide an open-source toolkit with the evaluated input controls that can be included in web applications and customized for different contexts and tasks.
Abstract. Non-experts are confronted with uncertainty of predictions everyday when, e.g., using a navigation device or looking at the weather forecast. However, there are no standards for representing uncertain information and representations could be easily misleading. Thus, we selected twelve representations that provide different levels of uncertainty information. We compared the representations in an online survey with 90 participants where we asked participants to judge their support in decision-making, familiarity, easiness to understand, and visual appeal. We further evaluated the four most promising representations in a turn-based online game. Players had to make decisions in a farming scenario based on a displayed weather forecast. The results of the survey and the game indicate that a function graph of a probability distribution function is the best way to communicate uncertain information. Nevertheless, our results also show that presenting more uncertainty information does not necessarily lead to better decisions.
Public displays have advanced from isolated and non interactive "ad" displays which show images and videos to displays that are networked, interactive, and open to a wide variety of content and applications. Prior work has shown large potential of user-generated content on public displays. However, one of the problems with user-generated content on public displays is moderation as content may be explicit or troublesome for a particular location. In this work we explore the expectations of users with regard to content moderation on public displays. An online survey revealed that people not only think that display content should be moderated but also that a delay of up to 10 minutes is acceptable if display content is moderated. In a subsequent in the wild deployment we compared different moderation delays. We found that a moderation delay significantly decreases the number of usergenerated posts while at the same time there is no significant effect on users' decision to repeatedly post on the display.
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