<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> There is a need for blood biomarkers of disease activity in multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between plasma neurofilament light chain (pNfL) and disease activity as defined by the concept three-domain no evident disease activity (NEDA-3). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Levels of pNfL (SIMOA) were examined in 159 MS patients and analyzed in relationship to NEDA-3 status (absence of relapse, disability score worsening, and brain magnetic resonance activity) during the last 12 months. The accuracy of the proposed model was evaluated by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve. From the pNfL cutoff, we evaluated the NEDA-NfL status (no relapse, no Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS] worsening, and pNfL below the cutoff value). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Levels of pNfL were significantly higher in MS patients than in healthy controls (<i>p</i> &#x3c;  0.001). From a total of 159 patients, 80 (50.3%) achieved NEDA-3 status, while 79 (49.7%) patients showed evident disease activity (EDA) status. pNfL were significantly lower in the NEDA-3 group than in the EDA group (pNfL mean 7.06 pg/mL [standard deviation (SD) 2.37] vs. pNfL mean 13.04 pg/mL [SD 7.07]) (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). ROC analysis showed that pNfL predicts NEDA-3 status (sensitivity and specificity were 80.5 and 72.7%, respectively, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001), and NEDA-NfL predicts NEDA-3 status (sensitivity and specificity were 97.1 and 82.9%, respectively, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The results show that pNfL levels are a useful biomarker of disease activity determined by NEDA status in patients with MS and could be an alternative to brain magnetic resonance investigation.

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Background: The research is focused on sensitive biomarkers in multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between plasma neurofilament light chain (pNfL) and disease activity as defined by the concept NEDA (no evident disease activity), including brain volumetry, in a cohort of MS patients treated with disease-modifying treatment (DMT). Methods: Levels of pNfL (Single Molecule Array (SIMOA) technology) were examined in 95 RRMS (relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis) patients and analyzed in relationship to NEDA-3 status and NEDA-BVL (brain volume loss; NEDA-3 extended by brain volumetry) during the last 12 months. The statistical model was developed using logistic regression analysis, including the independent variables: demographic, clinical, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. Dependent variables were NEDA-3 and NEDA-BVL status. Results: The mean age of the study participants ( n = 95, 62% females) was 37.85 years (standard deviation (SD) = 9.62) and the median disability score was 3.5 (2.5–4.1). Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis showed that pNfL predicts NEDA-3 (the sensitivity and specificity of the model were 92% and 78%, respectively, p < 0.001) and NEDA-BVL status (the sensitivity and specificity were 80% and 65%, respectively, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The results show that pNfL levels are a useful biomarker of disease activity determined by NEDA-BVL status, including brain MRI-volumetry in patients with RRMS.

Purpose: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disorder with a variable course. The aim of our study was to find out whether cognitive event-related potentials are prognostic for patient disability at the 15-year follow-up. Methods:In the observed cohort of patients with MS, we examined the event-related potentials at baseline (2003). Functional status (Expanded Disability Status Scale score) was then assessed 15 years later, and the prognostic model was developed using binary logistic regression analysis. The independent variables included demographic (age, sex, and education), clinical (disability in 2003), radiologic (MRI lesion load), and event-related potentials parameters. The prognostic accuracy of the proposed model was evaluated by calculating the area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve. Results:The study sample consisted of 85 patients with MS. The mean age was 35.5 (SD, 11.2) years, and the median disability score was 3.0 (1-7) in 2003 and 5.0 (1.5-9.5) in 2018. The significant prognostic factors of poor Expanded Disability Status Scale are higher baseline Expanded Disability Status Scale, longer MS duration, and prolonged P300 latency. The sensitivity and specificity of the cutoff at 5.0 for the disability score were 94% and 89%, respectively, with the area under the receiveroperating characteristics curve 0.94 (95% confidence interval, 0.889-0.984; P , 0.001). Conclusions:The results show that out of event-related potentials, the P300 wave latency is a prognostic of long-term disability progression in patients with MS.

Aim of the study. To investigate in a cross-sectional study the correlations of optical coherence tomography (OCT) with clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Material and methods.OCT parameters include the peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (pRNFL) and ganglion cell complex (GCC). Brain magnetic resonance volumetry (T2-and T1-lesions volume, whole brain volume and grey matter volume) was evaluated using the Icobrain program. Clinical data was compared according to the history of optic neuritis (HON). Correlations were determined between OCT parameters and demographic (age, gender), clinical (disease duration, Expanded Disability Status Scale score [EDSS]), and MRI data.Results. Out of 83 recruited people with MS, 27 had HON. The mean age of 75 patients with non-ON eyes was 42.08 ± 10.36 years, and 70.67% of the sample were females. Significant correlations were found between pRNFL and disability, along with several brain MRI-volumetry variables (Fluid-attenuated Inversion Recovery lesions volume [FLAIR]; T1-hypointense lesions volume; T1-lesions volume change; T1-volume lesions enlarging; whole brain volume; whole brain volume normative percentile; and volume of periventricular lesions). Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that age, pRNFL and GCC were significantly associated with T1-hypointense lesions volume change (the model explained 24% of the overall variance of the dependent variable).Conclusions. The pRFNL value correlates with disability and brain MRI-volumetric parameters in MS patients, serving as a useful neurodegeneration and inflammation surrogate marker.