Nursing and nursing professionals are associated with social stereotypes, which may hinder the profession’s development and future prospects as a scientific discipline. The aim of this study was to identify and describe the stereotypes associated with the nursing profession—students and professionals. Therefore, we carried out an integrative review. The search was conducted using PubMed, WOS, and CINAHL databases, and its search strategy was based on a combination of standardised keywords and natural vocabulary, with a temporal limit between 2016 and 2021. The data extraction and analysis was based on the conceptual framework developed by Whittemore and Knafl. Twenty-seven studies were included in the review, and their results were classified and coded. Two categories emerged, namely, stereotypes relating to the professionals’ gender and stereotypes relating to the profession itself. We concluded that the nursing profession is viewed as female with low skills, social status, salary, academic level and entry requirements, and with little autonomy. Male nurses’ professional competencies and masculinity are questioned, while the work carried out by female nurses is viewed as unprofessional. To reduce these stereotypes and bias we must present the nursing profession as a scientific discipline, developed by both men and women. Specific channels for this awareness-raising work include interventions from universities and the media, and participation in health policies.

Earlier this year, Spain took center stage in the emerging health crisis due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. On 14 March 2020, a state of alarm was declared to manage this health crisis. The contribution of nursing professionals to sustainability of the system during this health crisis has been vital, not only in specialized care but, in a more understated way, in primary care. The objective of the present study was to describe the perceptions and lived experiences of primary care nurses during the COVID-19 health emergency. A qualitative study taking a phenomenological approach was carried out, triangulating data collected through non-participant observations, eight in-depth interviews, and two discussion groups with community nurses and case managers. A total sample of 20 key informants was obtained during the month of May, 2020. The key informants expressed strong positive perceptions of the recognition received from service users and satisfaction when acknowledging that they have been an important source of emotional support. Informants identify the importance of their work in sustaining the system, particularly outlining team cohesion and communication, whilst also evaluating the empowering position in which service users and society itself has put them.

The goal of this exploratory study was to analyze the influence of culture on African women’s diet considering their role as primary caregivers. The analysis differentiated between Moroccan and Senegalese women and identified the key elements that influence their dietary habits and their health. Using a qualitative methodology, we performed a triangulation of data based on a literature review and a panel of experts, all of which served as the basis for the interview script to conduct 14 semi-structured interviews (n = 7 Moroccan and n = 7 Senegalese). This study reflects the substantial relationship between dietary habits, cultural identity, and health that healthcare providers need to acknowledge. It is important for healthcare practitioners to be culturally competent in order to provide holistic and individualized care.

The current demographic panorama in Spain corresponds to an aging population; this situation is characterized by the need to care for an elderly population, which contains polymedicated and pluripathological individuals. Polymedication is a criterion of frailty in the elderly and a risk factor for mortality and morbidity due to the increased risk of drug interactions and medication errors. There are numerous studies that measure reconciliation at hospital discharge and at admission, and even the methodology of reconciliation, but we have not found many studies that measure reconciliation in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic from the point of view of health professionals regarding difficulties and the strategies carried out, which is essential to begin to glimpse solutions. Methods. This was a qualitative study based on 21 in-depth interviews and two discussion groups, conducted between January and April 2021 (13 nurses and 8 doctors, in rural and urban areas). The discourse was analyzed according to the Taylor–Bodgan model and processed using Atlas.ti software. Results. The areas altered by the health crisis were access to patients, their reconciliation of medication, and changes in the care modality, including the greater use of telephone communication, changes in work organization, and time dedicated to patient care and family work. Difficulties encountered during COVID-19: change in medication format, the specific characteristics of the patient and their pathologies, and difficulties arising from communication with the patient and their family. The strategies applied: the collaboration of home assistants and caregivers, emphasis on patient–health professional communication, and the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). Conclusion. The discharge was interrupted by the health crisis caused by COVID-19, in terms of both the traditional access of patients and by the remote care modalities generated by telemedicine.

Introduction: The home is the natural setting for the development of informal care. The work that nurses are required to develop in this context (the carer/the elderly dependent/the home) focuses on training and educational activities to assist these two groups, such as demonstrating care activities to help dependent seniors, instruction in self-care techniques and teaching strategies for the use of human and material resources. Aims: This article analyzes care education interventions performed by nurses, and the factors that facilitate, or limit, health care training. Methodological approach: This is a qualitative, descriptive study designed to be flexible and openly analytical in its approach to the research problem and the dynamic nature of the home environment. Triangulation of the methodological techniques and study subjects was applied. Results: Nursing interventions related to professional attitudes, such as encouraging communication and facilitating teaching; communication interventions in health education and counseling; and technical interventions aimed at improving access to health information and support for the informal carer. Lack of will, the advanced age of the carer, emotional state and work overload are factors that undermine care instruction, which if reversed, would become learning facilitators. The lack of time and resources in the home are the major limiting factors on care teaching, according to nurses. Evidence from our study suggests that care in the home is considered a key primary health care strategy, one in which nurses play a significant role.

The WHO established that medication errors are the most common and preventable errors and represent an expenditure of 42 billion U.S. dollars annually. The risk of medication errors increases in transitions between levels of care, mainly from hospital care to primary healthcare after hospital discharge. In this context, communication is a key element in the safety of the medication reconciliation process. The aim of this paper was to describe the barriers to, and facilitators of, effective communication during the medication reconciliation process at hospital discharge in people over 65 years of age, from the perspective of primary healthcare professionals. A qualitative descriptive study was designed, and in-depth interviews were conducted with 21 individuals, of whom 13 were nurses and 8 were physicians. This study was carried out with healthcare professionals belonging to primary healthcare centres in Huelva (Spain). Following content analysis of the discourses we identified 19 categories, grouped into three areas: interlevel communication, communication between primary healthcare professionals, and communication between healthcare professionals and patients/caregivers. The barriers found mainly relate to the adequacy and use of technological tools, time available, workload and the level of collaboration of patients/caregivers. Facilitating elements for communication in medication reconciliation included technologies, such as computerized medical history, protocolization of clinical sessions, the presence of case management nurse and interdisciplinary teamwork.

Background The current demographic panorama in Spain corresponds to an aging population; this situation is characterized by the need to care for an elderly population, which generates polymedicated and pluripathological individuals. Polymedication is a criterion of frailty in the elderly and a risk factor for mortality and morbidity due to the increased risk of drug interactions and medication errors. A high percentage of medication errors occur at hospital admission or discharge, i.e. in the transition of patients between different levels of care. A key element to prevent or avoid these errors would be treatment reconciliation, something that should be coordinated between different areas of action and with a multidisciplinary approach.There are numerous studies that measure reconciliation at hospital discharge, at admission and even the methodology of reconciliation, but we have not found many studies that measure reconciliation in the context of the pandemic from the point of view of health professionals, their perception, difficulties and strategies carried out, which is essential to begin to glimpse solutionsMethods Qualitative study based on 21 in-depth interviews and two discussion groups, between Jan-uary and April 2021 (13 nurses, 8 doctors, in rural and urban areas). The discourse was ana-lyzed according to the Taylor-Bodgan model and processed using Atlas.ti softwareResults The areas altered by the health crisis were access to patients, their reconciliation of medication, and changes in the care modality: greater use of telephone communication, changes in work organization, time dedicated to patient care and family work.Difficulties encountered during Covid-19: change in medication format, specific characteristics of the patient and their pathologies, and difficulties arising from communication with the patient and their family.The strategies applied: the collaboration of home assistants and caregivers, emphasis on patient-health professional communication and the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT).Conclusion The discharge has been interrupted by the health crisis caused by Covid-19, in the traditional access of patients and by the remote care modalities generated by telemedicine

The university stage is a crucial stage that influences the decision-making process of students. At this stage, they acquire dietary habits that are guided by their likes, beauty ideals, biological influences, and economic factors. During the COVID-19 pandemic, universities closed and turned to online teaching, changing their life habits under the duress of confinement. The aim of the present work was to identify the dietary behaviours of nursing and engineering degree students at the University of Huelva during the period of confinement, in addition to identifying the factors influencing these habits. The methodological strategy employed was mixed in nature. In this sense, a cross-sectional descriptive study was first performed, followed by a phenomenological qualitative study that was descriptive in nature. Examination of outcomes revealed the presence of four lines of argument founded on the influence of context, life habits, emotional changes experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the factors facilitating or limiting adaption to this period. Taking into account that confinement, restrictive measures, the absence of family, closeness and affection, and training influenced changes to feeding habits and approaches to consumption, universities could carry out interventions oriented in this line to favour healthy eating habits.