Desde el inicio del conflicto en Siria en 2011 más del 45% de la población se ha visto forzada al desplazamiento, de la cual casi la mitad está compuesta por niños y niñas. Para una gran parte de la población siria, el acceso a la educación se ha visto interrumpido. Las estadísticas muestran que casi tres millones de niños y niñas sirios no han tenido acceso a ningún tipo de educación durante más de cuatro años. Los conflictos armados pueden perturbar o destruir totalmente las condiciones necesarias para asegurar un entorno sano, estable y seguro para la educación. El presente artículo muestra una parte de los resultados de una investigación en curso sobre las oportunidades que ofrecen las Tecnologías de la Información y de la Comunicación (TIC) en la reconstrucción de la educación en países afectados por conflictos armados, en particular, en el caso de Siria. Este trabajo se centra en el uso de las redes sociales (Facebook) y la mensajería instantánea (WhatsApp). La investigación desarrollada es un estudio de casos múltiples de carácter cualitativo. El análisis de los datos muestra que Facebook y WhatsApp mejoran el rendimiento de las organizaciones e instituciones cuyo objetivo es ofrecer una mejora a la crisis de la educación siria en tres aspectos principales: en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje, en la comunicación, coordinación e información y en la recopilación y gestión de datos. Descriptores: Tecnología de la comunicación; Educación; Redes sociales; Conflicto armado; Siria. Since the beginning of the conflict in Syria in 2011 more than 45% of the population have been forced to displace, half of them being children. For a large part of the Syrian population, the access to education has been interrupted and statistics show that almost three million children were deprived of any type of education during a period of more than four years. Armed conflicts can disrupt or totally destroy the conditions necessary to ensure a healthy, stable and safe environment for education. This article reports part of the results of an investigation concerning the opportunities offered by Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in rebuilding the education in countries affected by armed conflicts. The ongoing conflict in Syria is chosen as a particular case study. Concretely, this work focuses on the use of social networks (Facebook) and instant messaging (WhatsApp). The research is multi-case study based on the qualitative method. The analysis of the collected data indicates that Facebook and WhatsApp improve the performance of organizations and institutions whose objective is to offer a solution to the Syrian educational crisis regarding three main aspects: (1) in the teaching and learning process, (2) in communication, coordination and information and (3) in data collection and management.
Communication skills are crucial for pharmacists’ role in counselling and providing information to patients, other healthcare practitioners, and the community. This study explores the implementation of debate as a pedagogical tool into pharmacy education to improve students’ communication skills.This study is part of the design-based research (DBR) project FREMFARM that aims to design, test, and evaluate the expansion of active learning modalities in pharmacy education at the University of Bergen. The project embeds an explicit focus upon the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning. The sample in the current study consisted of 4th year pharmacy students. Qualitative methods were used to explore students’ perception of implementing the debate activity in the Clinical Pharmacy course. Data were collected using a short pre and post questionnaire, observation using an adapted version of the Teaching Dimension Observation Protocol and post activity focus groups. Analysis was inspired by the systematic text condensation methodology. Our main finding was that students showed a high level of enthusiasm and interest in the new learning activity. Most students agreed that the debate helped them structure their thinking and simplify their language when communicating complex concepts. Students also expressed that preparing for the debate helped them organize thoughts, spurred them to gather information from prior taught courses, and draw connections to additional fields to prepare arguments. Some students reported transformation in their learning and change of their position and perspective after the debate. Still, some students found the effort used to prepare for the debate activity too large in relation to the gains. We conclude that the debate as a teaching tool increases students’ engagement and that the students experience that the activity had positive impact on their communication and argumentation skills. Despite students experiencing the debate as an unknown and demanding methodology, they considered it important for their academic and professional development. It generated opportunities for critical thinking, argumentative capacity, use of communication skills and teamworking skills. We consider the first trial successful and will continue to implement and upscale the use of debate as a pedagogical tool for future evaluation.
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