Many studies have been focused on innovation and patents, less emphasis is given to trademarks, even though these intellectual property assets are more widely used by firms of all types across the whole economy. Various international treaties have been established in order to harmonize the different trademark's registration procedures across countries, and to simplify the application process for applicants targeting multiple countries. The aim of this paper is to make a review of some of the empirical studies done by scholars with trademarks in focus. Which are the motives that urge firms to register a trademark. How are trademarks related to innovation and firm"s size. At the end the paper concludes with some key messages on trademarks and their use by firms.

Poverty is an important phenomenon affecting individual and household life. It is important to know the factors that influence the possibility of being poor. An important cause and effect of poverty, one of the ones multidimensional nature of poverty is education level. Mostly, when we speak for the poverty, we based our estimates in the monetary terms, income or consumption. There are other dimensions like education, health, infrastructure, access in basic services, etc, that influence the economic and financial situation of the individuals. In Albania, to calculate the absolute poverty line is used the monetary poverty based on the consumption. The data refers to the Living Standard Measurement Survey (LSMS), which gives us the possibility to have multi indicators and also disaggregate and test the relationship and influence. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the influence of different indicators, mainly related with education and analyzing the influence on the poverty reduction. This research is based on Living Standard Measurement Survey (LSMS). This is a multidimensional survey collected near households and it collects information for living conditions, health, education, poverty, assets, migration etc. Is is used descriptive analyses and multinominal regression to analyse the trend on education and the significance on categories of different factors inluenced the education level. At the end we conclude that education is an influenced factors but also influence the poverty.

Abstract

The Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual property rights protection (TRIPS) Agreement, signed in 1994 as a founding element of the WTO, represents the most important attempt to establish a global harmonization of Intellectual Property protection. The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of the international aspects of IPRs, with particular reference to the effects of the TRIPS Agreement, which has been described as "the most significant international undertaking on IPR in history". This paper is mainly descriptive in character. It only attempts to give some aspects of TRIPS and effects in developing countries and which are some of the conventions that protect intellectual property (IP) in the trade system. TRIPS Agreement has three main components, which relate to standards of protection, enforcement and dispute settlement. It does not establish a universal IPR system, instead, it lays down a set of minimum standards for the legal protection of IP that WTO members are expected to comply with. Is TRIPS pro trade? Who will benefit and who will lose from its implementation? These are questions that arise from scholars of developed and developing countries. Finally some conclusions from developing countries perspective derive from the analysis.

This study is focused on albanian tourism hotels and their orientation towards sustainability. Personal interests of accommodation units owners have made the current development of tourism chaotic and unsustainable. A hotel sustainability business model that was introduced first in Slovenia will be used to investigate the relevance that albanian tourism hotels put to the sustainability dimensions. The aim is to highlight which of three aspects is neglected and takes less attention than others. How important are the different aspects of sustainability (indicators) for albanian hotel owners and managers? Did they measure and monitor these indicators. The main findings stresses that they do not pay the same attention and importance to all aspects of sustainability.