Background: The risk factors for developing a severe form of COVID-19 in young children are poorly understood. Methods: A single-center retrospective study was conducted to quantify and analyze the clinical risk profile of children admitted to the Pediatric Clinic for Nutritional Recovery. Results: Overall, 51.5% (n = 17) of children were infected with SARS-CoV-2, all symptomatic, and five of them (29.4%) developed a severe form. A positive clinical pulmonary exam was only associated with the severe outcome (OR: 2.00; 95% CI, 0.33–5.66; p = 0.02). Other factors such as age under 3 months, prematurity, birth weight, malnutrition or positive history of congenital cardiac, neurodevelopmental, or genetic diseases, fever, temperature, cough, and digestive symptoms were not found to be significant risk factors. Conclusions: Clinical guidelines based on risk stratification for SARS-CoV-2 infection in children are needed in order to manage, monitor and establish priority access for some groups to high medical care.
Introduction. Anthropometric measurements are simple clinical tools that can be used for the evaluation of obesity-related cardiometabolic complications. Objective. To identify obesity-related cardiometabolic outcomes and to compare the relevance of BMI or WHtR for early diagnosis in a group of obese children and adolescents. Material and methods. The study included 174 children diagnosed with simple obesity during a three year period. Anthropometric measurements (including BMI and WHtR) and biochemical variables were analyzed. Results. 4.28% of children were overweight, 31.43% were obese and 64.29% had extreme obesity. The main cardiometabolic complication was insulin resistance (47.76%) followed by hyperinsulinism, alteration of the lipid metabolism and hypertension. All children had a WHtR ≥ 0.5. One Way ANOVA with post-hoc t-test analysis was used for the comparative evaluation of the BMI and WHtR; there were no statistic significant differences between groups. Conclusion. Obesity defined by BMI and a WHtR ≥ 0.5 is in the majority of cases associated with adverse cardiometabolic outcomes. Both anthropometric indexes should be used as evaluation tools in medical practice, but WHtR has some important advantages.
Introducere. Măsurarea indicilor somato-metrici reprezintă o metodă clinică simplă, ce poate fi utilizată pentru evaluarea complicaţiilor cardio-metabolice asociate obezităţii. Obiective. Identificarea complicaţiilor cardio-metabolice asociate obezităţii şi evaluarea relevanţei utilizării IMC sau a raportului circumferinţă talie-înălţime pentru diagnosticul precoce al acestora, într-un grup de copii şi adolescenţi obezi. Material şi metode. Studiul a inclus 174 de copii diagnosticaţi cu obezitate primară pe o perioadă de 3 ani. Variabilele analizate au fost: indicii antropometrici (inclusiv IMC, raportul circumferinţă talie-înălţime) şi rezultatele investigaţiilor biochimice. Rezultate. 4,28% dintre copii prezentau suprapondere, 31,43% obezitate şi 64,29% obezitate extremă. Principalele complicaţii cardio-metabolice diagnosticate au fost: insulinorezistenţa (47,76%), hiperinsulinismul, alterarea metabolismului lipidic şi hipertensiunea arterială. Toţi copiii au avut un raport circumferinţă talie-înălţime ≥ 0,5. Pentru compararea celor doi indici antropometrici s-a folosit testul ANOVA unifactorial şi analiza post-hoc; nu au existat diferenţe statistic semnificative între loturile analizate. Concluzii. Obezitatea definită prin valoarea IMC şi raportul circumferinţă talie-înălţime ≥ 0,5 se asociază, în majoritatea cazurilor, cu complicaţii cardio-metabolice. În practica medicală atât IMC, cât şi WHtR ar trebui utilizaţi ca şi metode de evaluare, dar raportul circumferinţă talie-înălţime prezintă câteva avantaje importante.
Background: Primary lactose intolerance (PLI) is characterized by the inability to digest lactose. Homozygotes for the lactase gene polymorphisms (CC or GG) are considered to be genetically predisposed to PLI. Still, symptoms may only be present later in life. The evidence supporting a link between PLI, dairy intake, and quality of life (QoL) is limited in children. Aim: This study investigates the link between LCT polymorphisms and suggestive symptoms and the influence of the genetic predisposition to PLI on dairy intake and QoL in Romanian children. Materials and methods: We recruited consecutive children evaluated in our ambulatory clinic. We asked all participants to complete a visual-analog symptoms scale, a dairy intake, and a QoL questionnaire. We used strip genotyping to identify genetic predisposition to PLI. Results: 51.7% of children had a CC genotype, and 34.5% also had a GG genotype. Most children reported no or mild symptoms. Dairy intake and QoL were similar across study groups. Conclusions: Our study shows that genetic predisposition does not necessarily assume the presence of specific symptoms. Genetic predisposition to PLI did not lead to dairy avoidance, nor did it negatively influence our children’s QoL.
Cystic fibrosis related diabetes (CFRD) is a redoubtable complication associated to cystic fibrosis, with an increasing frequency, directly proportional to children life expectancy. Although this complication has similar features with DM type 1 and some with type 2, the evolution and even the response to insulin therapy is different. It is also possible that other factors to influence the CFRD clinical expression and subsequently the disease evolution. Since its 1t diagnosis was associated with more frequent pulmonary exacerbations and with the deterioration of the respiratory status, therefore CFRD must be early and correctly diagnosed and managed. The aim of this paper is to present an overview of the recent updates and recommendations regarding this important CF complication.
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