No abstract

Results of study about sociodemographic and neurodevolepmental factors in primary monosyptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE) differ in different cultural groups. The aim of this study was to research factors associated with (PMNE) in the clinical sample of Croatian children. Parents of children with diagnose of PMNE (50 children aged 7-11 years) which are treated at University Department of Psychiatry in Osijek and 50 children of same age without nocturnal enuresis (CG) randomly selected from primary school in Osijek completed the self-administred questionnaire. Data collection included information about most important sociodemographic and neurodevolpmental factors associated with PMNE. Differences between study group in investigated factors and relationship between the prevalence of PMNE enuresis and the sociodemographic and neurodevolpmental factors were tested by means of χ 2 and logistic regression analysis. Significant differences between groups were found in following sociodemographic and neurodevolopmental factors: family structure, parent's marital status, father´s and mother´s education, parents´ employment status, average monthly income per family member, living conditions, number of children in family, family history of enuresis, pregnancy complications and age of reaching diurnal continence. When logistic regression was applied altered the primary structure of marriage (illegitimate, divorced, widowed, parent's death), unemployment of parents, low average monthly income per family member (< 1000 kn per family member), positive family history of enuresis, families with more children (three or more) were found to be significant as predictors of PMNE. The results show that PMNE requires individualized approach to treatment where influence of sociodemographic and neurodevelopmental factors has a significant role.

A number of mood, behavioural, and somatic symptoms are reported by woman during the late luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. A subset of symptoms comprises premenstrual dysphoric disorder, which is found in the DSM-IV.The objective of the present paper was to assess associations between predmenstrual dysphoric disorder and development of major depressive disorder, as well as to define the possible correlation between clinical course and duration of PMDD and development of MDD.We surveyed 40 out-treated women, with mean age of 35,6 years. 35 of them had positive family history for premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and 21 of them had positive family history for major depressive disorder. All of the female patients were followed during period of one year. They fullfilles criteria for Premenstrual dysphoric disorder according to the DSM-IV criteria. They were treated with fluoxetine or sertaline during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. During one year period 27 of these women developed major depressive episode. They fullfiled the DSM-IV criteria for MDD. These female out treated patiens were also rated with HAMD rating scale.The authors also observed correlation between the duration of PMDD in the number of days in the lutheal phase with the development of MDD.We can conclude that there may be correlation between the PMDD and MDD in the way that PMDD can be predisposing factor for development of MDD.Possibility of some same etiological factors in the development of PMDD and MDD could be one of the explanations for these results.

Although there are 28 national jurisdictions in the European Union, due to the extensive process of harmonization their national rules in public domain have much in common. Private law area, on the other hand, remains mainly unaffected by this process, especially in the area of property law. Retention of title clause is one of the most important tools for protection of the seller's rights under the sales contract, but it arises from the nucleus of property law. It means, among other things, that it remains heavily influenced by local legal tradition. As such it can be one of the obstacles for the free movement of goods and services. Having this in mind it is of no surprise that for the last three decades the EU has been trying to come up with the European notion of the retention of title clause. Different advantages as well as disadvantages of the cross-border relations in the area of contract law with the implications on the property law would best be met by the autonomous notion of this clause. Despite the obvious willingness of the EU in regulating the subject matter, question remains whether the EU competences include this area. What about article 295 of the EC Treaty which seems to prevent the EU from legislative actions in the area of property law? What about numerus clauses? Also, it may be argued that this issue has already been dealt with on the level of UNIDROIT as well as UNCITRAL, with not much success. Thus, the intention of the authors is to explore reasons for the failure of the attempted unification at global level and to explain how common European retention of title clause could lead to more secure and more certain transactions within the internal market.

agoraphobia, panic disorder and neurasthenia do not differ in terms of ever smoking, however their ORs are astonishingly high in strong smokers. Conclusions: The risk of being (or having been) a smoker differs distinctly by mental disorder. This is most apparent in mood disorders. Moreover, in another group of disorders the amount of smoking interplays in a particular way. It seems unlikely that the causal linkage follows a consistent pattern.