The global football industry is changing clubs’ corporate identities. Historically, European football had strong local roots; sport organizations represented local values and fandom were regionally based. However, sporting competitiveness pushes clubs to search for new investors, and foreign investors in Europe are attracted by the popularity of European football. In this article, we analyse how Chinese capital and brands arrived in Barcelona, through the negotiations of a football club in 2016: the Reial Club Deportiu Espanyol (RCDE). RCDE is the club that has received the second most trophies in Catalonia, after FC Barcelona, since the beginning of the 20th century. Today, it has one of the most modern stadiums in Spain, designed using a business approach, and has become a corporate ambassador for the Chinese government’s strategy of becoming a “world football superpower” by 2050. Using a case study approach, this article analyses management and corporate identity changes in the organization due to the new Chinese owner: the Rastar Group.
Two studies were conducted in order to assess the bioequivalence of montelukast (CAS 151767-02-1) 10 mg film-coated tablet (FCT) and 5 mg chewable tablet (CT) test formulations in comparison with the original brands. Under fasting conditions, healthy male and female volunteers received one 10 mg FCT or 5 mg CT orally as a single dose of a test or reference formulation. Both studies were designed as open-label, randomized, two-period, two-sequence, crossover studies with a 7-day washout interval. Plasma samples were collected up to 24 h after drug administration and montelukast levels were determined by a validated LC/ MS/MS method. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using non-compartmental analysis and were statistically compared by analysis of variance for test and reference formulation. Bioequivalence between products was determined by calculating 90% confidence interval of the ratio test/reference of least-square means of logarithmically transformed Cmax and AUC0-t parameters. AUC0-infinity was also analysed to obtain additional information. The calculated 90% confidence intervals for the ratios of Cmax and AUC0-t parameters were 89.33-110.52 and 92.06-109.46, respectively, in the FCT study, and 91.58-101.86 and 92.15-98.83, respectively, in the CT study, which are all within the bioequivalence acceptance range of 80-125%. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the evaluated test FCT and CT formulations are bioequivalent to their respective reference formulation in terms of rate and extent of absorption.
This study was designed to compare the rate and extent of absorption of 2 oral formulations of ondansetron (CAS 99614-02-5) 8 mg orodispersible tablets in healthy volunteers. 22 subjects were administered ondansetron orodispersible tablets of test and reference formulation in a single-dose, 2-period, 2-sequence, fasting, open-label, crossover and randomised study. Plasma concentrations were determined by LC/MS/MS. Log-transformed AUCs and Cmax values were tested for bioequivalence based on the ratios of the geometric means (test/reference). Tmax was analysed nonparametrically. The 90% confidence intervals of the geometric mean values for the test/reference ratios for AUC0-t and Cmax were within the bioequivalence acceptance range of 80-125%. According to the European Guideline [1] it may be therefore concluded that test formulation of ondansetron 8 mg orodispersible tablet is bioequivalent to the reference formulation.
A bioequivalence study of 2 zolmitriptan (CAS 139264-17-8) orodispersible tablet formulations was carried out in 26 healthy volunteers according to an open label, randomized, 2-period, 2-sequence, crossover, single dose and fasting conditions design. The test and reference formulations were administered in 2 treatment days, separated by a washout period of 7 days. Plasma concentrations of zolmitriptan and its active metabolite (N-desmethyl-zolmitriptan) were obtained by LC/MS/MS method. Log-transformed AUCs and Cmax values were tested for bioequivalence based on the ratios of the geometric means (test/reference). Tmax was analysed nonparametrically. The 90% confidence intervals of the geometric mean values for the test/reference ratios for AUC0-t and Cmax were within the bioequivalence acceptance range of 80-125%. According to the European Guideline 1 it may be therefore concluded that test formulation of zolmitriptan 5 mg orodispersible tablet is bioequivalent to the reference formulation.
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