Several representatives of the so-called free-living amoebae (FLA) are of medical relevance, not only as facultative pathogens but also as vehicles for pathogenic bacteria. Some FLA can survive and even grow under extreme environmental conditions. Bat guano is an exceptional habitat, the conditions becoming gradually more extreme with aging. In the current study, samples of bat guano of different ages from five caves in Slovenia were screened for the presence of FLA. FLA were isolated from almost all guano samples, including guano with a pH of 3.5. Only the two samples that had been drawn from >20-year-old guano were negative for FLA. Generally, FLA diversity correlated to high concentrations of cultivable bacteria (∼10(8) CFU/g) and fungi (∼10(5) CFU/g). Interestingly, the absence of FLA in seasoned guanos was mirrored by the presence of dictyostelid slime moulds. The isolated amoebae were identified as belonging to the genera Acanthamoeba, Copromyxa, Naegleria, Sappinia, Tetramitus, Thecamoeba, Vahlkampfia, Vannella and Vermamoeba. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on the diversity of FLA in guano.
Bu çalışmada, son yıllarda piyasada satışa sunulan iki adet çok amaçlı kontakt lens dezenfektan solüsyonunun klinik örneklerden izole edilen Staphylococcus aureus Rosenbach ve Pseudomonas aeruginosa Gessard bakterilerine karşı etkinliği araştırılmıştır. Çok amaçlı kontakt lens dezenfektan solüsyonlarının antibakteriyal etkinlikleri ISO 14729'da belirtilen kültüre dayalı mikrobiyolojik yöntem kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Üretici tarafından önerilen minimum dezenfeksiyon sürelerine ek olarak belirlenen örnekleme saatlerindeki bakteri sayıları tespit edilmiş ve ortalama log düşüşleri hesaplanmıştır. Çalışmada antibakteriyal etkinlikleri test edilen bu kontakt lens dezenfektan solüsyonlarının 3 farklı lotu kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, her iki kontakt lens dezenfektan solüsyonunun üretici tarafından önerilen minimum dezenfeksiyon süresi sonunda denenen bakterilerin sayılarında en az 3 log düşüş sağladığını göstermiştir. Kontakt lens solüsyon endüstrisinde gelişen teknolojiler ve yapılan bilimsel çalışmalar ile yeni formülasyonlar geliştirilmektedir. Piyasada satışa sunulan bu yeni ürünlerin antibakteriyal aktivitelerinin tam olarak anlaşılabilmesi için farklı kaynaklardan izole edilen suşların kullanılacağı ileriki çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.
The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro antibiotic susceptibilities of various bacteria isolated from contact lens storage cases of asymptomatic wearers. For this purpose, twenty-two bacteria isolates were subjected to in vitro antibiotic susceptibility using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Four ATCC strains of different genus of bacteria were used as control. The results obtained from the current study showed that gentamicin was the most effective antibiotic against all bacteria tested. In addition, all bacteria tested in this study were resistant to ampicillin, methicillin, penicillin G and vancomycin. According to the results continuous monitoring of antibiotic susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from contact lens storage cases of asymptomatic wearers are needed.
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