Aim:The present study was undertaken to evaluate the ameliorative potential of dried Moringa oleifera fruit powder in fluorosis affected calves reared around the vicinity of aluminium smelter plant.Materials and Methods:Total 107 calves were screened on the basis of clinical signs and higher plasma fluoride (more than 0.2 ppm) level for evidence of fluorosis. Out of that, 90 samples found positive and from them 18 calves of 6-12 months age group were selected and divided equally into three groups named as Group II, III, and IV. Group II remained as disease control group whereas Group III calves were supplemented with dried M. oleifera fruit powder of 25 g/calve for 60 days. Group IV calves were supplemented with calcium carbonate at 100 mg/kg body weight and boric acid at 10 mg/kg for the same experimental period. Group I consisted of six numbers of healthy calves taken from the non-fluorotic zone, i.e. Bhubaneswar. Plasma fluoride level, hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total leukocyte count (TLC), differential count (DC), total erythrocyte count, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular Hb (MCH), and MCH concentration (MCHC) were estimated on day 0, 30, and 60 of the experiment.Results:Supplementation of dried M. oleifera fruit powder to fluorosis affected calves resulted in significant reduction in plasma fluoride level and increase in Hb%, PCV, TLC and altered DC. Similar results were also recorded in calcium+boron group, except PCV and Hb. No significant changes were observed in MCV, MCH, and MCHC values.Conclusion:The present study concluded that supplementation of dried M. oleifera fruit powder daily for 60 days has shown protection against chronic fluoride toxicity in calves.

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Mastitis is characterized by increase of somatic cell counts (SCC) in secreted milk, local inflammation associated with swelling, heat, pain, redness of the udder, and abnormal looking milk. The problem continues to remain highly prevalent in high yielders and causes significant economic losses to the farmers. The present study was carried out for one year in small holder dairy farms in the suburban villages of Bhubaneswar city. A total of 1024 cows, each with yield record of minimum seven litres milk per day, belonging to 398 farmers, were recruited for the study. A total of 4094 quarter milk samples from 1024 lactating cows were screened for mastitis. The overall prevalence of mastitis, subclinical and clinical mastitis in current study was 41.1%, 32.8% and 8.3%, respectively.The prevalence of subclinical and clinical mastitis in Holstein Friesian cross was 38.8% and 11.9%, respectively. The highest prevalence was recorded in cows aged more than 7years. The parity number was an important risk factor as mastitis was more common in the animals with increasing parity number. The incidence of mastitis increased with higher hygiene score. A total of 422 pooled milk samples showed bacterial growth and 417 (98.63%) bacterial isolates could be identified, either as single (94.50%) or mixed (1.37%) infection. The most common bacterial cause of infectious SCM was Staphylococcus species constituting 55.4% of infections.The highest degree of antimicrobial sensitivity was recorded for marbofloxacin (98.88%). The outcome of the present study may facilitate the mastitis control by developing specific strategies to reduce cost of treatment and antibiotics overuse, and to enhance food safety and public health.

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