A strain of C. difficile that was resistant to fluoroquinolones and had binary toxin and a partial deletion of the tcdC gene was responsible for this outbreak of C. difficile-associated diarrhea. Exposure to fluoroquinolones or cephalosporins was a risk factor.

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Klebsiella oxytoca is a Gram-negative bacterium found in faecal microbiota and known to cause several infections in humans, including antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis. We present here a case of colitis caused by K. oxytoca toxin producing strains that evolved in chronic diarrhea successfully treated by fecal microbiota transplant.