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Research question. The last decade has seen an increase in empirical research 2 associated with dual careers in sport, with particular focus on understanding and developing 3 individual characteristics which are important to ensure success in sports and education or a 4 vocation. More recent work has, however, also identified the importance of environmental 5 factors in ensuring successful dual career outcomes. The aims of the current study, therefore, 6 are to: (a) identify and classify the different types of dual career development environments 7 (DCDEs) of countries in Europe; and (b) provide outlines of the key features of the environments identified. 9Research methods. To achieve these aims, this study adopted the procedure of initial documentary analysis, interviews with knowledgeable stakeholders, cross case analysis, and expert interviews and researcher discussions across seven countries in Europe (Belgium,

Doppler echocardiography, and especially the determination of pulmonary acceleration time, is a useful screening method for portopulmonary hypertension in patients with liver cirrhosis who are candidates for liver transplantation.