By virtue of a calcium(II)/hexafluoroisopropanol
cocatalytic system,
the efficient and practical coupling of 3-aminobenzoic acids with
alkynes has been realized, giving direct and regioselective access
to the phthalide framework with good substrate/functional group compatibility.
Mechanistic studies identified 3-amino-2-vinylbenzoic acid species
as the active intermediate, thereby revealing an ortho-C-alkenylation/hydroacyloxylation cascade for this transformation.
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