The lenslet array has been widely used in many fields; it is especially important component in optical computing. A CAD program is designed for optimizing and designing the parameters of the designed array. Multiple phase levels are used for enhancing the optical effiency. Stepper and etching techniques are used for fabricating the array. A micro-interferometer under computer control is developed for testing the phase structure of the lenslets. Both 16 × 16 and 32 × 32 arrays with eight phase levels have been produced and will be presented. The application of the lenslet array for performing a binary image algebra processing will also be presented.
Background: miR-140-5p is frequently dysregulated in different types of tumors and has been found to suppress inflammation through TLR4 in lung injury. In the current investigation, we try to decipher the possible function of miR-140-5p in hypoxia-induced nephrotoxicity and renal fibrogenesis in human renal cells. Methods: Hypoxia in HK-2 cells was produced using cobalt chloride (CoCl2). Hypoxia-induced cellular viability and apoptosis were determined by cell viability assay and ELISA-based apoptosis assay, respectively. Western blotting was carried out to measure expression levels of pro-fibrotic and apoptosis-related proteins. Result: The present study observed that upregulation of miR-140-5p significantly decreases apoptosis and increases cell viability in hypoxia challenged HK-2 cells. Furthermore, miR-140-5p over expression decreased expression of pro-apoptotic proteins like Bad and Bax and pro-fibrotic proteins like Collagen I, CTGF and fibronectin. While as, expression of anti-apoptotic protein, namely Bcl-2, was increased in hypoxia-insulted HK-2 cells. Moreover, the luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-140-5p targets TLR4. TLR4 knockdown prevents miR-140-5p from performing its suppressive role in hypoxia linked to apoptosis and fibrosis.
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