Understanding the microanatomical changes in brain structures is necessary for developing innovative therapeutic approaches to prevent/delay the cognitive impairment in epilepsy. We review here the microanatomical changes in the brain structures related to cognition in epilepsy. Here, we have presented the changes in major brain structures related to cognition, which helps the clinicians understand epilepsy more clearly and also helps researchers develop new treatment procedures.
Background:We hypothesized that stress induced suppression of immunity may be prevented by vestibular stimulation by inhibiting the stress axes. Aims and Objectives: The present study was undertaken to assess effectiveness of vestibular stimulation in the modulation of immune responses in stress. Materials and Methods: A total of 240 healthy college students were randomly divided into four groups control male and female group and vestibular male and female groups with 60 participants in each group. Vestibular stimulation was administered by making the participants to swing on a swing in back to front direction, according to their comfort. After recording base line values, vestibular stimulation was administered to the intervention groups, and post-intervention values were collected during regular classes and during pre-examination period. Blood cell count was performed using Sysmex Machine (Model Sysmex XP 100) (an automatic multi parameter blood cell counter) manufactured by Sysmex India Pvt. Ltd. Results: Vestibular stimulation limited stress induced changes in total leukocyte count, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, and absolute eosinophil count, counts in both male and female intervention groups. Stress induced decrease was prevented in female intervention group. Conclusion: Our study provides further evidence for beneficial effects of vestibular stimulation in limiting stress induced changes in immune responses.
Objectives:The present study was undertaken to observe the effectiveness of vestibular stimulation in the management of premenstrual syndrome (PMS).Materials and Methods:The present study was an experimental study; twenty female participants of age group 18–30 years were recruited in the present study. Conventional swing was used to administer vestibular stimulation. Variables were recorded before and after vestibular stimulation and compared.Results:Depression and stress scores are significantly decreased after 2 months of intervention. Anxiety scores decreased followed by vestibular stimulation. However, it is no statistically significant. Serum cortisol levels significantly decreased after 2 months of intervention. WHOQOL-BREF-transformed scores were not significantly changed followed by the intervention. However, psychological domain score (T2) and social relationships domain score (T3) were increased followed by intervention. Systolic blood pressure was significantly decreased after 2 months of intervention. No significant change was observed in diastolic pressure and pulse rate. Pain score was significantly decreased after 2 months of intervention. Mini mental status examination scores and spatial and verbal memory score were significantly improved followed by intervention.Conclusion:The present study provides preliminary evidence for implementing vestibular stimulation for management of PMS as a nonpharmacological therapy. Hence, we recommend further well-controlled, detailed studies in this area with higher sample size.
Background: Hypertension is a common health problem in developed countries. Individuals with systolic blood pressure (BP) between 120 and 139 mmHg or diastolic BP between 80 and 89 mmHg are categorized as prehypertensive. This group is at high risk for developing essential hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Aims and Objectives: To observe lipid profile, thyroid profile, and eating behavior in prehypertensive women. Materials and Methods: Thirty cases of prehypertensive women between the age of 25 and 50 years and 30 age-matched non-prehypertensive women were included in the study after obtaining written informed consent. Thyroid profile, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were estimated by standard methods. Eating behavior was assessed using eating attitude test-26 (EAT-26). Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Student's t-test was applied to observe the significance of difference. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Significantly lower levels (P < 0.001) of HDL, significantly higher (P < 0.001) LDL, very LDL, TG, and TC were observed in prehypertensive women when compared with healthy controls. Thyroid profile and were not significantly different between control and prehypertensive women. Conclusion: High lipid profile was observed in prehypertensive women when compared with healthy controls. We recommend further detailed studies in this area to understand the underlying mechanisms.
blood cells) are less active in the lining of the stomach to kill the germs (H. pylori) which allows the germs to penetrate the lining and the deeper layers of the stomach [7]. The parasympathetic (Valgus nerve) stimulates production of hydrochloric acid through release of a local hormone (Gastrin), from the lower end of the stomach (pylorus) and acid producing oxyntic cells of the stomach lining. Vestibular stimulation inhibits the stress axes and HPA axes directly and indirectly and brings stress to a less condition. Hence, we hypothesized that vestibular stimulation may be beneficial in relieving most of the symptoms of gastritis [8]. Vestibular stimulation may prevent or delay gastritis by promoting sleepInsomnia is found among people with Gastritis, especially for people who are female, 60+ old, take medication Omeprazole and have Gastritis. Studies show that, in chronic insomnia, the activity of the HPA axis and the sympathetic system relates positively to the degree of objective sleep disturbance [9]. Increased stress level cause lack of sleep and it also promote increased gastric secretion. This article is to review that by reducing the stress level can reduce the gastric secretion. Vestibular stimulation is an effective intervention for relieving the stress there by improving the sleep [8,10]. Vestibular stimulation may prevent or delay gastritis through relieving stressGastric parietal cell secretion is depressed by enhanced sympathetic nerves activity [6]. In a stressed situation immune system becomes less capable of handling the germs around, fighter soldier cells (white
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