Conjunctival cultures were obtained from 488 patients undergoing cataract extraction. Bacterial isolation rates from the lids and conjunctiva were 84.6 and 36.7, respectively. Propionibacterium acnes was the only anaerobic organism identified. A significantly lower incidence of P. acnes was observed in the eyes after preoperative conjunctival irrigation using povidone-iodine solution (9%) compared with those using benzetonium chloride solution (30%). Topical use of ofloxacin and cefmenoxime for 1 or 2 days preoperatively, and irrigation of the conjunctival sac with a 16-fold-diluted povidone-iodine solution for at least 30 s immediately prior to cataract surgery are recommended.
The production of toxins by Aeromonas species was examined by the suckling mouse test, the hemolysin test, and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with anticholera enterotoxin. A factor that was immunologically related to cholera enterotoxin was produced by 5 of 14 strains of Aeromonas hydrophila and 4 of 15 strains of Aeromonas sobria. Analysis by these assays and by a test for heat stability suggested that the factor differed from hemolysin and from toxin that was active in the suckling mouse test.
Bacterial examination of stools of children with diarrhoea was carried out at Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea, where little information is available concerning the causative bacteria of diarrhoea. Shigellae, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Campylobacter jejuni, and Aeromonas hydrophila were isolated with the decreasing frequency in that order. Among these, enterotoxigenic E. coli and C. jejuni were isolated for the first time in this country. Although Vibrio parahaemolyticus was recovered from sea water, no cases suffering from this organism were found.
Etiology of bacterial infections in the field of oral surgery was studied. A total of 270 samples collected from patients with encapsulated abscess in their oral cavities was examined and bacteria were isolated from the 244 samples (90.4%). The following results were found; 1) Organisms more than one from one sample were frequently isolated from cases with parodontitis, pericoronitis and gnathitis. Isolation of anaerobic bacteria was common (54.2%). 2) Streptococcus milleri and Streptococcus sanguis and Capnocytophaga species were the most common isolates among aerobic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, respectively. 3) Peptostreptococcus micros and Eubacterium lentum were most frequent isolates among gram-negative anaerobic bacteria. Among gram-negative bacteria, Oral Group Bacteroides, especially Bacteroides gingivalis, Bacteroides intermedius, Bacteroides buccae and Bacteroides oralis were most prominent. 4) Isolation frequency of bacteria (both species and strains) was high from samples obtained from patients before antibiotic chemotherapy. 5) Most strains were sensitive to Midecamycin acetate and Josamycin. Minimum inhibitory concentration of 80% isolates (MIC80) against these antibiotics was 0.39 microgram/ml.
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