Thanks to recent advancements in nanofabrication and 2 3D packaging, typical Internet of Things (IoT) devices can now be 3 wirelessly controlled using millimeter scale sensors known as 4 Internet of Tiny Things (IoT²) devices. Since these low power devices 5 may be exposed to low and indirect solar irradiation, we demonstrate 6 a novel meso-superstructured solar cell (MSSC) that allows low flux 7 light to be harvested from both its top and bottom sides. Our cell is 8 based on either a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) or a perovskite 9 solar cell (PSC). The active layer in the proposed MSSCs was tuned 10 to allow semi-transparent behavior. Moreover, we developed an 11 experimentally validated model that enables optimization of the 12 active layer thickness for different semi-transparent MSSC 13 applications. In MSSCs, such optimization is necessary to balance 14 the trade-off between transparency and efficiency for various active 15 layer thicknesses. Fabricated DSSCs and PSCs cells were used to 16 validate the simulation results. The fabricated DSSC achieved a 17 harvesting ratio of 1:10 with a conversion efficiency of around 2% at 18 one Sun. We demonstrate that the optimum thickness of the 19 mesoporous TiO2 active layer in DSSCs was 800 nm, enabling a 20 maximum power density of 7 mW/cm 2 .
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.