The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between measures of organizational climate and measures of job satisfaction as applied to executives of public, private, and foreign banks. Another purpose of this study was to determine whether perceptions of different employees are different about organizational climate and job satisfaction or not. Based on the previous relevant research studies 14 factors were identified for each of both organizational climate and job satisfaction. Data was collected through personally administered questionnaires based on 42 questions from the 12 branches of banks under consideration. Fourteen questions were related to organizational climate, other fourteen for job satisfaction and the same numbers of questions were used to investigate the impact of organizational climate on job satisfaction. Two hypotheses were formulated and tested through Kruskal Wallis test, where as multiple regression analysis were used to investigate the impact of 14 sub factors of organizational climate on job satisfaction.
Purpose – Competitiveness plays crucial role retaining the old customers. This lays importance on understanding the factors that influence and drive customers’ retention. Basing on the above, the Purpose of this paper to investigate and examine whether the Stayers, Satisfied Switchers, and Dissatisfied Switchers of corporate customers differ in their overall satisfaction with the service provided by their existing/current life insurance company.
Methodology – This study has used survey via questionnaires for data collection. 75 corporate customers on the basis of convenience sampling were examined by using ANOVA and Discriminant Analysis techniques.
Findings – The results show that Dissatisfied Switchers (who switched -in) are the most satisfied, and Satisfied Switchers are the least satisfied customers. Similar sort of results were found for customer’s loyalty. These three groups were found to be strongly discriminated by the people factor (specifically the professional insurance employees).
Research limitations – The data is gathered from some big cities of Sindh through convenience sampling technique. There are many other cities where access of information is not possible due to cost and time management. Further research can be made on the same just by extending the sample size by considering more cities of Sindh.
Practical implications – As the findings of this study reveal that the Dissatisfied Switchers are of the primary concern for life insurance companies. Keeping in view the results the life insurance companies should treat these groups differently with regard to potential investment strategy.
Originality/value – This study has not been done before in Sindh. Although some studies are found in European countries but this has been done first time in Sindh and Pakistan
Purpose: This Study intends the assessment of microloan by U Microfinance Bank from females of upper Sindh. The core objective was to assess the impact of U-Microfinance on the poverty level of female for improving their living standards by providing them micro-loans to be used for their small-scale business which could enable them to be empowered politically, socially, economically, and assessing its impacts on the health and education of their families. Methodology: This study was conducted on the assessment of microloan interventions of U Microfinance Bank in the rural areas of upper Sindh. A quantitative approach was used to measure the impact of microloan on the poverty status of the female along with a qualitative study to further confirm the findings. In this study, a quasi-experimental design was used in which two groups of data from the same respondents assuming the data ‘Before-loan and After-Loan Situation’ from the female borrowers of Khairpur, Sukkur, Shikarpur, Larkana, and Dadu Districts of Upper Sindh. Poverty Score Card was used as a survey instrument originally developed by the World Bank for each region separately. The collected data were analyzed by applying the descriptive statistics and logistic regression technique by using SPSS latest version. Results: Results of the logistic regression analysis demonstrate that the microloan program does empower females of targeted cities, but the empowerment process does not necessarily occur simultaneously across all dimensions. Whereas microfinance does effect individually on each dimension of empowerment. For microfinance ventures, the results suggest that occupation types have a positive impact on women's empowerment. Applications of this study: This study can be very effective in improving the strategies for poverty reduction among the female borrowers of the upper Sindh. The Novelty of the study: The novelty of this study investigating the effect of poverty reduction strategies on female empowerment.
Question on the goodness of taxation system has been raised many times in the past by many researchers. In this study response research was carried out to find the effects of taxation on economy. Purpose of this research is to add a new dimension in the taxation literature by investigating the relationship between tax system variables and variable like location decision, information process and key decision makers. Relationship between these variables is tested by using data collected from financial service providers functioning especially in Sindh province. The main objective of the research was to know that "How do firms undertake information processing prior to making their decisions?" GLM (General Linear Modeling) was applied for checking the relationship between the variables, and research concluded that criteria for evaluating the extensive information process regarding selection of location must be improved and role of personnel involved in decision making on the basis of information must be significant. Moreover, this study provides evidence that some tax system variables are positively concerned with information processes, key decision makers, and location decision making. It also shed light on the fact that high or moderate tax burden do not necessarily impact decision making pertaining to business location.
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