Background: Text or voice messages containing health behavior change content may be an inexpensive, discreet, sustainable and scalable way to reach populations at high risk for HIV. In Cambodia, one of the important high-risk populations is female entertainment workers (FEWs). This ethnographic study aims to explore typical phone use, examining patterns and behaviors that may influence the design of future mHealth interventions.
Methods:The study consisted of one 8-hour non-participant observation session for 15 randomly sampled Results: In this ethnographic study, all 15 participants made calls, checked the time and received researchrelated texts. More than half (n=8) of the participants engaged in texting to a non-research recipient. About half (n=7) went on Facebook (FB) and some (n=5) listened to music and looked at their FB newsfeed. Fewer played a mobile game, posted a photo to FB, went on YouTube, used FB chat/messenger, watched a video on FB, played a game on FB, used FB call/voice chat, looked at their phone's background or used the LINE app. Fewer still shared their phones, left them unattended, added airtime or changed their SIM cards.When participants received a research text message, most did not share the text message with anyone, did not ask for help deciphering the message and did not receive help composing a response. Notable themes from observer notes, HIV outreach workers and researchers include reasons why phone calls were the most frequent mode of communication, examples of how cell phone company text messages are used as a form of behavior change, literacy as a persistent barrier for some FEWs, and FEWs' high interest in receiving health-related messages and less concern about privacy and phone-sharing issues than expected.Conclusions: This study suggests texting is a part of normal phone use although not as frequently used as voice calls or Facebook. Despite the less frequent use, FEWs were able to send and receive messages, were interested in health messages and were not overly concerned about privacy issues. Texting and voice messaging may be useful tools for health behavior change within the FEW population in Cambodia.
Among many phase change materials, Ge‐rich GeSbTe (GST) alloys are of considerable interest due to their high thermal stability, a specification required for the next generation of embedded digital memories. This stability results from the fact that these alloys do not crystallize congruently but experience phase separation forming Ge and GST‐225 nanocrystals upon crystallization. However, the details of the crystallization process remain unclear. Combining in situ X‐ray diffraction studies during isothermal annealing and ex situ (scanning) transmission electron microscopy ((S)TEM) observations, the successive phases through which these alloys crystallize are identified. At low temperature (310 °C), the homogeneous amorphous material undergoes phase separation during wherein small regions of different Ge contents are formed. After a long incubation time, Pnma GeTe embryos first crystallize and trigger the heterogeneous crystallization of the Ge cubic phase. While the Ge phase progressively builds up through the addition of new small Ge crystals, cubic GeTe forms. At this point, the microstructure ceases to evolve, and Sb is still dispersed and contained within some remaining amorphous matrix surrounding Ge and GeTe crystals. Higher annealing temperatures (typically 400 °C) are needed to force Sb to diffuse and get incorporated into the GeTe grains to form cubic Ge2Sb2Te5.
The human brain comprises 1015 synapses and consumes only 20W of power, where a single synaptic function requires an activation potential of around 100 mV. This provides the inspiration for...
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