Background: Vibratory massage is now widely used to alleviate muscle fatigue. The effects of different vibration massage intensities on left and right upper trapezius (UT) fatigue have not been examined. Therefore, the present study first examined whether a vibration massage intervention had an effect on UT muscles and second compared the effects of 2 different levels (36 Hz and 46 Hz) of vibratory massage on the right and left oblique muscles under 3 different fatigue conditions. Methods: A total of 23 participants (12 female, 11 male; age: 26.5 ± 3.9 year, height: 170.5 ± 1.6 cm, mass: 57.5 ± 1.5 kg, BMI: 24.3 ± 1.6 kg/m2) were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. The 2 groups of subjects completed isometric contraction fatigue tasks of 30 s of fatigue, 60 s of fatigue and 90 s of fatigue in turn. The specific task of isotonic contraction was performed by subjects holding a 1 kg dumbbell in each hand and performing a straight arm weighted lateral supination exercise. After each exercise, the intervention group was randomized to apply a massage device with a vibration intensity of 36 Hz or 46 Hz on the left and right UT muscles for 5 min each. The control group did not receive any treatment. Both groups then repeated the same fatigue task as before. Then, the effects of different vibration massage interventions on UT muscles were derived by analyzing the changes in maximal voluntary contraction percentage (MVC%) of surface electromyography (sEMG) signals before and after the intervention, and the most effective vibration massage program for relieving left and right UT fatigue was summarized. Then, four classification algorithms were used to label and classify the collected sEMG data, and finally a UT muscle fatigue identification and vibration massage model was constructed. Results: After using the vibration massage level 1 (36 Hz) intervention, the MVC% of the right UT muscle showed significant reductions in the 30 s fatigue task, the 60 s fatigue task and the 90 s fatigue task (R1: p = 0.022, R2: p = 0.005, R3: p = 0.049). After using the vibration massage level 3 (46 Hz) intervention, the MVC% of the right UT muscle showed a significant decrease in both the 60 s fatigue task and the 90 s fatigue task (R2: p = 0.033, R3: p = 0.028). Significant decreases in MVC% for the left UT muscle were found only in the 90 s fatigue task (L3: p = 0.040). Then, by comparing the different performances of four commonly used classification algorithms, it was found that the bagging (accuracy = 0.860) algorithm had higher accuracy. Therefore, the bagging algorithm was used for the UT fatigue identification and vibration massage models. Conclusions: This was the first study to show the impacts of different levels of vibration massage on fatigue alleviation in the left and right UT muscles. Furthermore, the bilateral UT fatigue identification and vibration massage model developed in this study can help people to choose the most appropriate massage protocol for quick relief and relaxation of the UT muscles under three different fatigue tasks.
Global responses to climate change have accomplished certain reductions in carbon emissions. However, current efforts are insufficient for reaching the worldwide objective of carbon neutralization. Industrial parks that integrate industrial and economic resources are priority entities concerning the achievement of national carbon mitigation. The implementation of carbon neutralization at an industrial park level is unclear. This paper used a bibliometric approach to analyze articles related to carbon emissions reduction in industrial parks. From 2001 to 2022, 114 publications were collected from the WoS database. Descriptive statistical analysis, network analysis, keyword co-occurrence network analysis, keyword clustering, co-citation analysis, and burst detection were employed to summarize the research hotspots and evolution trends in this field. The results showed that the research hotspots were energy management, industrial symbiosis, economics and development, and carbon emission assessments in industrial parks. Emerging trends are the management of integrated energy systems, circular economy, renewable energy, economic analysis, and the validation of various models. Based on these analyses, four challenges and prospects were proposed for the construction of zero-carbon industrial parks. Finally, this paper presents a systematic guidance framework for carbon neutralization in industrial parks, which provides important references for future theoretical and practical research on industrial parks.
Since the global zero carbon goal was proposed, most higher education institutions around the world are still in the process of transitioning towards carbon neutrality. However, there is still a research gap in the systematic design strategy for a zero carbon campus. This study adopts a qualitative literature analysis approach to establish a theoretical framework for a zero carbon campus design. The framework hierarchically outlines the One Top-Down vision of carbon neutrality, two complementary paths of carbon emission reduction and carbon sink, specific implementation strategies based on the coupling of the social, technological, and ecological dimensions, as well as the establishment of a carbon-neutral smart services platform. Subsequently, a case study was conducted at the Fahua campus of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, guided by this theoretical framework. This study not only completed the modeling and visualization of the carbon-neutral systematic design of the campus but also attempted to conceive of people-centered services under the zero carbon commitment and emphasized the critical role of university campus culture and historical connotations in the carbon-upgrading process. The results showed that the establishment of this theoretical framework can inspire innovative localized carbon-neutral solutions for campus, empower the replicability of advanced zero carbon campuses, and more effectively promote the carbon neutrality development of communities and cities.
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