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Imazapic is widely used in peanut production, and its residues can cause damage to succeeding crops planted in the following year. The planting area of peanut is large in Henan province. Inceptisol is the main soil type in Henan Province and was used in laboratory experiments that were conducted to investigate imazapic degradation in soil under various environmental conditions. The results indicated that the imazapic degradation rate increased with an increase in temperature, soil pH, and soil moisture, and decreased with organic matter content. The use of biogas slurry as a soil amendment accelerated imazapic degradation. The half-life of imazapic in sterilized soil (364.7 d) was longer than in unsterilized soil (138.6 d), which suggested that there was a significant microbial contribution to imazapic degradation. Imazapic adsorption was also examined and was found to be well described by the Freundlich isotherm. The results indicate that soil has a certain adsorption capacity for imazapic.

The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of trauma on erythrocyte caused by long term in vitro pumping using roller pump. Ten bags of human blood (400 ml each) were provided by a local blood bank and they were divided into two groups with five bags in each group. Each blood bag was subject to pumping in a closed circuit, which was composed of silica gel tubes and a roller pump. Polystan and COBE pumps were used for the two groups, respectively. The blood was pumped for 16 h in vitro. Free hemoglobin (FHb), platelets (PLT), erythrocyte fragility (EF), and morphological analysis of erythrocytes observed under scanning electron microscope were measured to evaluate the impact of trauma on erythrocytes. A small amount of blood was collected for analysis before pumping, at the end of the 4th hour and then every 2 h till the end of the 16th hour. Some blood samples were also collected for electron microscope scanning before pumping and every 4 h during pumping. It was found that FHb and PLT linearly increased with the pumping time. There was a significant correlation between the two parameters (r=0.7745, p<0.001). The hemolysis indexes of the two groups were 0.296 and 0.3993 mg/L/h, respectively, with no significant difference. During the pumping process, EF changed slightly. The observation of scanning electron microscopy showed various deformed erythrocytes after pumping, including the distortion of cell membrane and the appearance of echinocytes, which increased with pumping time. This study demonstrated that long term pumping using roller pump not only caused the immediate rupture of red blood cells, i.e. the immediate hemolysis, but also caused sub-trauma to a large number of erythrocytes, which led to the delayed hemolysis. The change of erythrocyte morphology was the basis of the delayed hemolysis.